本文選題：結(jié)構(gòu)洞　切入點：社團結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：結(jié)構(gòu)洞是現(xiàn)實網(wǎng)絡(luò)中普遍存在的現(xiàn)象,伯特的結(jié)構(gòu)洞理論指出在社會結(jié)構(gòu)中占據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)洞位置的個體或企業(yè),可以獲得更多的職業(yè)機會或競爭優(yōu)勢。在信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,占據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)洞位置的個體能夠從不同團體中獲得更關(guān)鍵的信息和資源,從而影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的信息傳播和個體間的成員關(guān)系。在社會學(xué)領(lǐng)域,結(jié)構(gòu)洞是非冗余聯(lián)系人之間的缺口,在不同個體或團體間起到中介作用。個體或者團體間的中間人可以獲得豐富的信息并控制他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中占據(jù)橋接位置的個體可以獲得豐厚的利益。結(jié)構(gòu)洞在獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)有效信息方面起著關(guān)鍵的作用,且發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的結(jié)構(gòu)洞可以對網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)進行優(yōu)化并增強魯棒性。結(jié)構(gòu)洞理論作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)分析的重要方法,在不同領(lǐng)域和學(xué)科的研究中都獲得了豐富的成果。已有研究表明現(xiàn)實網(wǎng)絡(luò)除了具有小世界和無標(biāo)度的特性外,還具有社團結(jié)構(gòu)的特征。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的信息從一個社團傳播到其他社團,跨越不同社團可以獲得非冗余信息。結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者擁有從多個社團獲取信息和資源的潛力,并在社團間的信息傳播過程中起中介作用。社團結(jié)構(gòu)對結(jié)構(gòu)洞研究具有重要的意義和作用,現(xiàn)有的結(jié)構(gòu)洞發(fā)現(xiàn)方法主要考慮的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洹；谏鐖F結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)洞發(fā)現(xiàn)方法主要考慮結(jié)構(gòu)洞在不同團體間信息傳播過程中的作用,而較少考慮到社團間的中介位置和節(jié)點的社團特征,如忽略節(jié)點連接的社團數(shù)量和規(guī)模對節(jié)點跨越結(jié)構(gòu)洞的影響。本文研究重點在于如何結(jié)合社團結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的結(jié)構(gòu)溫占據(jù)者。首先結(jié)合多粒度思想與社團結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)不同粒度下網(wǎng)絡(luò)劃分的社團結(jié)構(gòu)也會不同,即社團結(jié)構(gòu)具有層次化的特點,粗粒度下的社團在細(xì)粒度下可能劃分為多個社團。不同粒度下網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的結(jié)構(gòu)洞位置也會不同,并且影響節(jié)點跨越結(jié)構(gòu)洞的程度,因此結(jié)合多粒度與社團結(jié)構(gòu)可以更加準(zhǔn)確的發(fā)現(xiàn)不同粒度下網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者�；谶@種思想,本文提出基于社團結(jié)構(gòu)的多粒度結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者發(fā)現(xiàn)方法MG_MaxD。然后通過利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浜蜕鐖F內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)對影響節(jié)點跨越結(jié)構(gòu)洞的因素進行分析并提出兩個定義,即鄰居重要性和社團影響力。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)節(jié)點的社團特征可以用來衡量節(jié)點跨越結(jié)構(gòu)洞的程度并由此提出新的結(jié)構(gòu)洞衡量指標(biāo)�；趯Y(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的的橋接屬性和傳播能力分析,本文提出基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浜蜕鐖F內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者發(fā)現(xiàn)方法NTCIS。本文主要圍繞發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者進行展開,主要工作具體如下:(1)分析了常用的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者衡量指標(biāo),如約束度、介數(shù)中心性、PageRank等方法。將結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者的發(fā)現(xiàn)方法歸納為兩類,分別從網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浜蜕鐖F結(jié)構(gòu)兩方面來總結(jié)現(xiàn)有的結(jié)構(gòu)洞發(fā)現(xiàn)方法。在結(jié)構(gòu)洞的實際應(yīng)用中,探討了將結(jié)構(gòu)洞理論應(yīng)用到其他研究中。(2)針對社團結(jié)構(gòu)具有層次化特點,不同粒度下節(jié)點跨越結(jié)構(gòu)洞程度會發(fā)生變化的問題�；谝延械慕Y(jié)構(gòu)洞發(fā)現(xiàn)方法,提出在多粒度社團結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)洞發(fā)現(xiàn)方法MG_MaxD。該算法不僅考慮到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有社團結(jié)構(gòu)的重要特征,而且將多粒度思想與社團劃分結(jié)合,可以有效的發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同粒度層次下網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者。在公用和真實數(shù)據(jù)集上的實驗驗證了算法的可行性,并與另一種重要方法進行對比。最后有效的驗證了本文提出的算法能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)節(jié)點在不同粒度層次下跨越結(jié)構(gòu)洞的程度會發(fā)生變化。(3)針對現(xiàn)有的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者發(fā)現(xiàn)方法大部分基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?而對社團內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)研究較少的問題。首先利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浜蜕鐖F內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)分別提出兩個新的定義,即鄰居重要性和社團影響力。并根據(jù)社團結(jié)構(gòu)中節(jié)點具有的社團特征提出新的結(jié)構(gòu)洞度量指標(biāo)。最后提出基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浜蜕鐖F內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者發(fā)現(xiàn)算法NTCIS。實驗結(jié)果表明,NTCIS算法可以準(zhǔn)確發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的結(jié)構(gòu)洞占據(jù)者,并且這些節(jié)點橋接著更多和更大的社團,在不同個體間發(fā)揮更重要的中介作用。
[Abstract]:The structure of hole is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the network, Bert pointed out that the structural hole theory's structure hole position of individuals or companies in the social structure, can obtain more opportunities for occupation or competitive advantage. In the information network, occupy the location of the hole structure of individual can obtain more key information and resources from different groups. Which affect the network information dissemination and between individual members. In the field of sociology, the structure of hole is between the non redundant contact gap plays an intermediary role in different individuals or groups. In between individuals or groups can obtain abundant information and control their networks, occupy the position of the bridge individuals in the network can get huge benefits. The hole structure plays a key role in acquiring effective information network, and find the structural holes in the network can carry on network structure Optimization and robustness. An important method to analyze the structural hole theory as the structure of the network in various fields and disciplines have gained abundant achievements. Studies have shown that the real network has the characteristics of small world and scale-free, also has the characteristics of community structure. In the network information dissemination from a society to other societies, across different societies can get non redundant information. The hole structure has occupied access to information and resources in many societies and the potential of the information dissemination process in the community plays an intermediary role. The community structure has important significance and role of structural hole research, structural holes found in existing methods mainly consider is the network topology structure. The hole based on community structure discovery methods mainly consider the role of structural holes in different groups in the process of information transmission, and less consideration to the intermediary between communities Community characteristics of location and nodes, such as neglecting the effect of the number and size of community connections of nodes across structural holes. This paper focuses on how to combine the community structure found in the network structure temperature occupy. First combining with the multi granularity thought and community structure, finding community structure in different granularities of network division also have different characteristics the community has the hierarchical structure, coarse grain under the community may be divided into a number of associations in the fine-grained structure. The hole under different granularity in the network will be different, and the influence of the degree of structural holes across nodes, thus combining multi granularity and community structure can more accurately find the hole structure under different granularity in the network occupied. Based on this idea, this paper proposes a multiple granularity structure hole community structure discovery method occupy MG_MaxD. and then through the use of network topology and community based on The factors influence on internal structure nodes across structural holes is analyzed and proposed two definitions, namely the importance of neighbor and community influence. Through the analysis of community characteristics of the node can be used to measure the degree of hole structure across the nodes and thus put forward the new measure. The hole structure analysis in the network and communication ability based on the bridging properties occupied the structure of hole, this hole structure of the internal structure of the network topology and the community occupy NTCIS. detection methods in this thesis found that structural holes in the network are occupied based on specific, main work are as follows: (1) analysis of the structural hole commonly occupy measure, such as beam degree, betweenness centrality PageRank, etc. will occupy the structural hole discovery method is divided into two categories, found the method respectively from the two aspects of network topology and community structure to summarize the existing structural holes. The actual application in structural holes, discusses the structural hole theory is applied to other research. (2) according to the community structure has the characteristics of hierarchy, different size of nodes across the structural holes of the degree of change. The problem of discovery method based on the existing structural holes, proposes the structure hole in the multi granularity in the community structure an important feature of the MG_MaxD. algorithm found method not only takes into account the network with community structure, and combining the multi granularity thought and divided societies, can effectively find out structural holes at different levels of granularity in network occupy. In public and experiments on real data sets to verify the feasibility of the algorithm, and compared with the other one of the important methods. Finally, verified the proposed algorithm can find nodes across structural holes at different levels of granularity of the degree of change. (3) according to the structure of the existing hole for According to the researchers found that most of the methods based on the network topology, and to study the internal structure of less association. Firstly, the internal structure of the network topology and the community are put forward two new concepts, namely the importance of neighbors and community influence. And put forward the new structure according to the characteristics of the node Association hole in the community structure with metrics. Finally, structural holes the internal structure of the network topology and the community occupy discovery algorithm NTCIS. based on the experimental results, the NTCIS algorithm can accurately find the structural holes in the network to occupy, and then these nodes bridge more and more clubs play an intermediary role is more important among different individuals.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O157.5

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