本文選題：三峽庫區(qū)消落帶　切入點：木本植物　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：三峽水庫在發(fā)電、防洪、通航等領(lǐng)域做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn),但也造成了水土流失等一系列生態(tài)問題。植被修復(fù)是治理三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)問題的重要途徑,其關(guān)鍵在于篩選適生樹種。本文以中山杉、水杉、秋華柳、桑樹這四種適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)的植物為研究對象,通過模擬三峽庫區(qū)消落帶脅迫特點進(jìn)行實驗,研究四種植物耐“水淹”、“干旱”和“水淹-干旱”脅迫的形態(tài)學(xué)、生理生化反應(yīng)及其相關(guān)性,并綜合比較四種植物耐水分脅迫能力的強(qiáng)弱,為三峽庫區(qū)植物修復(fù)樹種選擇及種植海拔范圍提供了一定理論依據(jù)。經(jīng)實地調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),中山杉是三峽庫區(qū)優(yōu)良的植被修復(fù)待選物種,適應(yīng)庫區(qū)復(fù)雜的環(huán)境,能在海拔168-175米消落帶存活下來,深入探討其對“水淹-干旱”交替脅迫的適應(yīng)能力,具有較高的科研和實際價值。本論文主要分為水淹脅迫和干旱脅迫兩階段試驗,研究四種植物耐“水淹”、“干旱”和“水淹-干旱”脅迫能力。第一階段水淹脅迫試驗設(shè)置全淹組和對照組。經(jīng)過40天的冬季休眠期水淹處理后,四種植物發(fā)生不同的形態(tài)學(xué)適應(yīng)變化:中山杉和水杉葉片表面形成氣膜;中山杉產(chǎn)生明顯的不定根;中山杉、水杉、秋華柳全淹組葉片比葉重較對照組降低;這些變化利于氣體交換,增強(qiáng)植株對水淹脅迫的耐受能力。水淹脅迫后四種植物光合色素產(chǎn)生不同的適應(yīng)性變化。四種植物全淹組葉綠素顯著低于對照組,說明冬季水淹脅迫后植物新生葉片的葉綠素合成受到影響;中山杉、水杉和桑樹全淹組葉片葉綠素a/b的值均較對照組有所降低,葉綠素a/b的值降低有利于植物維持相對正常的光合效率。全淹組四種植物體內(nèi)丙二醛(MDA)含量均較對照組增加,而根系活力均下降,表明四種植物在冬季休眠期水淹脅迫后受到了一定程度的損傷;全淹組四種植物體內(nèi)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化物酶(POD)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)和抗壞血酸過氧化物酶(APX)活性都較對照組顯著增高,抑制了體內(nèi)MDA積累的速度,屬于植物應(yīng)對水淹脅迫的積極響應(yīng),一定程度上維持了植物在水淹脅迫后正常的生理生化行為。四種植物全淹組脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量較對照組增加,幫助植物在水淹脅迫后維持較高的吸水和保水能力,維持植物正常的氮代謝過程;但全淹組秋華柳可溶性糖含量低于對照組,全淹組桑樹體內(nèi)可溶性蛋白含量低于對照組,具體原因待進(jìn)一步研究。第二階段干旱脅迫試驗分為全程對照組(CC組)、前期正常處理后期干旱脅迫處理(CD組)和前期水淹處理后期干旱處理(FD組)。待經(jīng)冬季休眠期水淹脅迫處理的四種植株生長發(fā)育完全恢復(fù)后,于2016年7月5日開始為期20天的干旱脅迫處理。四種植物經(jīng)干旱脅迫處理后,CD組葉綠素含量和根系活力均顯著小于CC組,四種植物CD組丙二醛含量均顯著大于CC組,說明四種植物在干旱脅迫下光合色素發(fā)生降解或合成過程受阻,根系活力受到脅迫影響,細(xì)胞脂膜受到損傷導(dǎo)致丙二醛含量增加。四種植物CD組葉綠素a/b的值均較CC組降低,說明植物干旱脅迫下能調(diào)整葉綠素a/b的值來維持相對正常的光合效率。四種植物CD組抗氧化酶活性和滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量均大于CC組,說明四種植物均能通過調(diào)整體內(nèi)抗氧化酶活性和滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量來適應(yīng)干旱脅迫。四種植物能采取生理生化積極響應(yīng)以應(yīng)對干旱脅迫,具有一定耐旱能力。四種植物FD組葉綠素含量、葉綠素a/b的值均較CC組有所降低,水杉降幅最大;四種植物FD組與CC組相比MDA都顯著提高,而根系活力均顯著降低;FD組抗氧化酶活性和滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量均大于CC組;這些變化說明四種植物均能通過調(diào)整體內(nèi)光合色素、抗氧化酶活性和滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量來適應(yīng)“水淹-干旱”交替脅迫,但適應(yīng)能力具有差異,可能是各自特殊的生理生化機(jī)制所致。經(jīng)過“水淹-干旱”脅迫后,中山杉體內(nèi)MDA與SOD、POD、脯氨酸呈顯著正相關(guān)性;說明中山杉主要依靠這三種物質(zhì)來抑制MDA積累。水杉體內(nèi)MDA與CAT、APX呈顯著正相關(guān)性,同時MDA與根系活力呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性,說明水杉主要依靠CAT、APX活性增加來抑制MDA積累,水杉MDA含量增加會對根系活力造成影響。秋華柳MDA含量與CAT、APX、可溶性糖呈顯著正相關(guān)性,說明秋華柳主要依靠CAT、APX、可溶性糖來抑制MDA增長;同時MDA與根系活力呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性,說明秋華柳體內(nèi)MDA含量增加影響了根系活力。桑樹MDA含量與SOD、可溶性蛋白呈顯著正相關(guān)性,說明桑樹體內(nèi)主要依靠SOD和可溶性蛋白來抑制MDA積累速度。使用隸屬函數(shù)法分析兩階段結(jié)果表明,四種植物耐淹能力強(qiáng)弱依次為:秋華柳中山杉水杉桑樹;四種植物耐旱能力強(qiáng)弱依次為:桑樹水杉中山杉秋華柳;四種植物耐“水淹-干旱”交替脅迫能力依次為:秋華柳中山杉桑樹水杉。四種植物是優(yōu)良的三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)修復(fù)備選樹種,能通過形態(tài)學(xué)、抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)、滲透調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)控來適應(yīng)三峽庫區(qū)消落帶類冬澇夏淹脅迫,具有較高生態(tài)價值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。
[Abstract]:The Three Gorges Reservoir in flood control, power generation, has made outstanding contributions to the navigation and other fields, but also caused a series of ecological problems such as soil and water loss. The vegetation restoration is an important way to control the ecological problems in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the key lies in the selection of suitable tree species. The Zhongshan fir, metasequoia, Salix variegata, mulberry plants of the four strong adaptability as the research object, through the simulation of Three Gorges Reservoir Stress Characteristics Experimental Study of four kinds of plant resistance to water flooding, "morphological drought and flooding drought stress, physiological and biochemical reactions and their correlation, and comprehensive comparison of four kinds of plant water stress resistant ability, provides certain theory on the basis of the Three Gorges Reservoir area for the phytoremediation of tree species selection and planting altitude range. After the field survey found that Nakayama Sugi is to repair the excellent candidate species of vegetation in Three Gorges Reservoir area, reservoir to adapt to the complex environment in the sea 168-175 meters out of riparian zone to survive, in-depth discussion on "flooding drought" alternating stress adaptability, with high scientific and practical value. This paper is divided into two stages of stress test of waterlogging and drought resistance of four species of "flooding", "drought" and "flooding drought" stress. The first stage of flooding test set flooded group and control group. After 40 days of flooding in winter dormancy after treatment, four plants had different morphology: to adapt to the change of air film Nakayama Sugi and Metasequoia leaf surface; adventitious root Nakayama Sugikim; Zhongshan fir, metasequoia, Salix variegata leaf Quanyan group the specific leaf weight were lower than the control group; these changes facilitate gas exchange, enhance plant tolerance to waterlogging stress. After flooding stress of four kinds of plant photosynthetic pigments have different adaptive changes. Four plants flooded leaf Green was significantly lower than the control group, indicating chlorophyll synthesis in winter flooding stress affected plant leaves; Zhongshan fir, metasequoia and mulberry flooded group of chlorophyll a/b values were compared with the control group decreased, the chlorophyll a/b value decreased to maintain a relatively normal plant photosynthetic efficiency. The whole group of four plants. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased compared to the control group, while the root activity decreased, indicating that four kinds of plants in the winter dormant period of flooding stress was subject to a certain degree of injury; flooded group of four kinds of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were significantly higher than the control group, the inhibition rate of MDA accumulation in vivo, belongs to a positive response in plants in response to waterlogging stress, to maintain a certain degree of the physiology of plants in the water flooded after the stress of normal students The behavior of four species of submergence group. Proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein content increased compared to the control group, help plants to maintain high water absorption and water retention in water stress, nitrogen metabolism of plants to maintain normal; but the whole group flooded variegata soluble sugar content was lower than the control group, the content of soluble protein in the fully flooded group than in the control group the specific reasons of mulberry, need further study. The second stage of drought stress test is divided into full control group (CC group), early late normal processing drought treatment (group CD) and early late flooding drought treatment (group FD). To the winter dormancy stage of waterlogging stress four planting plant growth is completely restored for 20 days of drought treatment in July 5, 2016. Of the four plants after drought stress, chlorophyll content and root activity of CD group was significantly lower than that of CC group, CD group C four plants Two aldehyde content were higher than CC group, indicating four kinds of plants under drought stress on photosynthetic pigment degradation or synthesis process is blocked, the root activity under stress, cell membrane damage caused by MDA content increased. The four group CD plant chlorophyll a/b values were lower than CC group, that can adjust the chlorophyll a/b to maintain a relatively normal photosynthetic efficiency of plants under drought stress. Four species of CD group activity of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic adjustment substances were higher than CC group, shows four kinds of plants can activity and osmotic adjustment substances to adapt to drought stress by regulating antioxidant enzymes. Four kinds of plant physiological and biochemical response to positive in response to drought stress, with drought tolerance of four species of FD group. The content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b values were decreased compared with CC group, the largest decline in four species of Metasequoia; FD group and CC group compared to MDA Have increased significantly, and root activity were significantly decreased in FD group; antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substances were higher than CC group; these changes show that the four kinds of plants can photosynthetic pigment by adjusting the light body, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic adjustment substances to water flooding - dry alternating stress, but has the ability to adapt the difference, may be their special physiological and biochemical mechanism. After water flooding caused by drought stress, "Zhongshan fir in MDA and SOD, POD showed significant positive correlation with proline; Zhongshan fir mainly rely on these three substances to inhibit the accumulation of MDA. MDA and CAT APX in Metasequoia, showed a significant positive correlation, and MDA a significant negative correlation with root activity, indicating the Metasequoia mainly depends on CAT, APX activity increased to inhibit the accumulation of MDA, increase the MDA content of Metasequoia will affect root vigor. Variegata MDA content and CAT, APX, soluble sugar was A significant positive correlation, indicating variegata mainly depends on CAT, APX, soluble sugar to inhibit the increase of MDA; while MDA showed a significant negative correlation with the activity of root, increase the content of MDA Qiu Hua Liu that influenced mulberry root activity. MDA content and SOD, soluble protein showed a significant positive correlation, indicating mulberry plants mainly rely on SOD and soluble protein to inhibit MDA accumulation rate. Using the method of membership function analysis of two stage. The results showed that four species of submergence tolerance ability as follows: Salix variegata Zhongshan fir Metasequoia mulberry; four plant drought tolerance ability is as follows: four Nakayama Sugiaka Liu mulberry Metasequoia; plants "flooding drought" alternating stress Qiu Hualiu is as follows: the Zhongshan fir mulberry metasequoia. Four species of plants in the Three Gorges reservoir ecological restoration is an excellent alternative species by morphology, antioxidant system, osmotic regulation system to adapt to the Three Gorges The stress of winter waterlogging and summer flooding in the reservoir area is of high ecological value and economic value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q945.78

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