本文關(guān)鍵詞： 角譜法 矢量光場 艾里光束 偏振態(tài) 自旋角動量　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：光是一種電磁波,以麥克斯韋方程為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)典電磁場理論可以用來解決光的衍射、傳輸?shù)葐栴}。雖然目前來說,光場標(biāo)量衍射理論對于大多數(shù)光學(xué)傳輸?shù)膶?shí)際問題仍然有效,但是伴隨著近場理論光學(xué)的逐漸完善與發(fā)展,標(biāo)量近似的光學(xué)理論本身的不自洽矛盾越來越突出,尤其是近年來,隨著半導(dǎo)體二極管激光器、微腔激光器、微光學(xué)、近場光學(xué)和光子晶體等的迅速發(fā)展,實(shí)際工作中也需要用較為嚴(yán)格的矢量理論來處理一些應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的近場光場特性。本文主要研究與傳統(tǒng)標(biāo)量場區(qū)別的矢量光場,即在光場的橫截面的偏振態(tài)分布是不一致的光場。本文的研究方法是基于電磁波的矢量衍射理論。首先通過矢量衍射理論的角譜分析法和近似法分析了艾里光束的矢量結(jié)構(gòu)特征和偏振態(tài)沿徑向變化的圓柱型矢量光場在自由空間的傳輸特性,通過理論計(jì)算以及數(shù)值計(jì)算給出了整個衍射空間的精確矢量解,并且分別分析了其在自由空間的傳輸特性。主要研究內(nèi)容分為以下三個部分進(jìn)行說明:1.利用矢量角譜法和近似法推導(dǎo)、分析電磁場不同分量傳輸?shù)慕馕霰磉_(dá)式。以Airy光束(艾里光束)為研究對象,研究艾里光束的矢量結(jié)構(gòu)特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)艾里光束的橫向能量流密度與縱向能量流密度之比隨著傳播距離的增大而增大的。在菲涅爾衍射區(qū)域,TM(橫磁模)分量的能量流密度與TE(橫電模)分量能量流的比值隨著傳播距離的增加而逐漸增加,這個比值由λ和橫向分量尺寸大小x0決定。該光場的矢量結(jié)構(gòu)特征從艾里光束的傳播動力學(xué)的物理圖像給予進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行闡述和分析,這些結(jié)果可以為艾里光束在相應(yīng)領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)和基礎(chǔ),如納米光子學(xué)、緊聚焦光場等。2.基于角譜法分析了偏振態(tài)沿徑向變化的圓柱矢量光場的近場特性。其倏逝波和行波的矢量結(jié)構(gòu)提供了一個直觀的圖像來描述該矢量光場在近場的特征。其中詳細(xì)分析了縱向分量對總光場分布的影響以及對光自旋角動量(SAM)的密度影響。經(jīng)過數(shù)值計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn),具有不同偏振拓?fù)浜说氖噶抗鈭龅馁渴挪ê托胁ǖ墓鈭龇植冀Y(jié)構(gòu)是不同的,并且與光場橫截面的初始偏振態(tài)分布密切相關(guān)�？v向分量的存在,對光學(xué)自旋角動量密度的影響,導(dǎo)致了自旋角動量密度的一個矢量分布結(jié)構(gòu)。該研究成果為如何通過在光場橫截面上選擇適當(dāng)?shù)钠駪B(tài)分布,在近場空間操縱矢量光場的光場分布和角動量密度提供非常有用的信息。3.利用USB3.0外設(shè)控制器設(shè)計(jì)了一種圖像采集設(shè)備的固件,開發(fā)光場的數(shù)據(jù)采集、成像設(shè)備,期望最終實(shí)現(xiàn)能夠利用矢量光束進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集和成像,進(jìn)一步研究矢量光束的潛在應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Light is a kind of electromagnetic wave. The classical electromagnetic field theory based on Maxwell's equation can be used to solve the problems of light diffraction and transmission. Although at present, the scalar diffraction theory of light field is still valid for most practical problems of optical transmission. However, with the gradual improvement and development of near-field theoretical optics, the self-consistent contradiction of scalar approximation optical theory is becoming more and more prominent, especially in recent years, with semiconductor diode lasers, micro-cavity lasers, micro-optics, With the rapid development of near-field optics and photonic crystals, it is necessary to use more strict vector theory to deal with the characteristics of near-field light in some application fields. In this paper, the vector light field, which is different from the traditional scalar field, is mainly studied. In this paper, the method is based on the vector diffraction theory of electromagnetic wave. Firstly, the theory of angular spectrum analysis and approximate method of vector diffraction theory are used to analyze the Ellie beam. And the propagation characteristics of the cylindrical vector light field in free space that the polarization state changes along the radial direction, The exact vector solution of the whole diffraction space is obtained by theoretical calculation and numerical calculation. The transmission characteristics in free space are analyzed respectively. The main research contents are divided into the following three parts: 1.The vector angular spectrum method and approximate method are used to deduce, The analytical expression of the propagation of different components of electromagnetic field is analyzed. The vector structure of Airy beam (Ellie beam) is studied. It is found that the ratio of transverse energy flow density to longitudinal energy flow density increases with the increase of propagation distance. In Fresnel diffraction region, the energy flow density of TMM component and the energy flow of TEM component increase with the increase of propagation distance. As the propagation distance increases, This ratio is determined by 位 and the size of the transverse component x 0. The vector structure characteristics of the field are further described and analyzed from the physical images of the propagation dynamics of the Ellie beam. These results may provide a theoretical basis for the potential applications of Ellie beams in the corresponding fields, such as nano-photonics. Based on the angular spectrum method, the near-field characteristics of the cylindrical vector light field with polarized state varying along the radial direction are analyzed. The vector structure of evanescent and traveling waves provides an intuitive image to describe the vector light field in the near field. The influence of longitudinal component on the distribution of total light field and on the density of optical spin angular momentum (SAM) are analyzed in detail. The distribution structure of evanescent and traveling waves of vector light field with different polarized topological nuclei is different, and it is closely related to the initial polarization state distribution of the cross section of the light field. The existence of longitudinal component affects the optical spin angular momentum density. This results in a vector distribution structure of the spin angular momentum density. The research results show how to choose the appropriate polarization state distribution on the cross section of the light field. The distribution of light field and angular momentum density of vector light field in near-field space is very useful. Using USB3.0 peripheral controller, the firmware of an image acquisition device is designed, and the data acquisition and imaging equipment of light field is developed. It is expected that the vector beam can be used for data acquisition and imaging, and the potential applications of vector beam can be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O436

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