本文關鍵詞： 地基GPS氣象學 對流層延遲 大氣可降水量 臺風分析　出處：《東華理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：地基GPS反演大氣可降水量作為一項新興的大氣探測技術,在空間天氣與GNSS遙感等方面得到廣泛的應用研究。該技術以高精度、高時空分辨率、近時間觀測等特點而備受的關注,其在數值天氣預報、天氣特征變化分析等研究中的作用越來越重要。本文基于香港衛(wèi)星參考網的觀測數據,重點分析地基GPS反演大氣可降水量過程中所涉及的問題以及臺風影響下GPS水汽的變化特征。主要研究內容如下:(1)闡述GPS反演大氣可降水量的基本原理,并以南昌為試驗區(qū),利用南昌探空站資料建立南昌加權平均溫度模型,與其他模型比較,結果表明,要獲取高精度的可降水量信息,必須使用基于該地區(qū)氣象資料建立的加權平均溫度模型,同時,依據探空數據計算可降水量的原理,對解算過程中值得重視的問題進行分析。(2)分析論證GPS反演可降水量過程中模型選擇的問題。對Saastamoinen模型、Hopfield模型以及Black模型進行精度和適用性評估。結合IGS站的觀測數據,針對映射函數模型NMF、GMF和VMF1進行分析,以ITRF08框架坐標和CODE提供的ZPD產品為真值,比較模型的定位精度與對流層延遲解算效果,結果表明:GMF和VMF1在U方向精度和對流層延遲解算精度相當,且高于NMF模型。此外,針對影響對流層延遲解算的影響因子進行分析。(3)根據地基GPS反演可降水量的流程,對地基GPS反演可降水量的精度進行驗證。此外針對影響可降水量解算的因素進行分析,結果表明:海潮改正引起的香港地區(qū)可降水量誤差在1-3mm之間,對內陸幾乎沒有影響;快速星歷和最終星歷的解算精度相當,超快速星歷的解算精度隨著觀測部分時間的增加而提高,最大差值為1.100mm,基本滿足實時數值天氣預報的要求;與Hopfield模型和Black模型相比,Saastamoinen模型更適合香港地區(qū),此外在無實測氣象數據時,GPT/SAAS模型比EGNOS適用性更好;對GPS_GLONASS組合系統(tǒng)反演精度進行分析,組合導航系統(tǒng)反演精度達到可降水量精度要求,平均偏差為-0.5380,均方差為2.4788,相關系數為91.68%,但反演精度卻弱于地基GPS反演的精度。(4)結合香港衛(wèi)星參考站網數據和香港天文臺提供的雷達回波圖像以及實際雨量分布信息,對影響香港地區(qū)的四次臺風進行可降水量分析,結合臺風期間溫度、氣壓、相對濕度等氣象參數的特征變化,對臺風的預報與分析起到更好的研究作用。
[Abstract]:The retrieval of atmospheric precipitable water by ground-based GPS, as a new atmospheric detection technology, has been widely studied in space weather and GNSS remote sensing. This technique is of high precision and high spatial and temporal resolution. Recent time observation has attracted more and more attention. It plays an increasingly important role in the research of numerical weather forecast and analysis of weather characteristics. This paper is based on the observation data of Hong Kong satellite reference network. This paper focuses on the analysis of the problems involved in the retrieval of atmospheric precipitable water by ground-based GPS and the variation characteristics of GPS water vapor under the influence of typhoon. The main research contents are as follows: 1). The basic principle of retrieving atmospheric precipitable water by GPS is described. Taking Nanchang as experimental area, the weighted average temperature model of Nanchang is established by using the data of Nanchang sounding station. Compared with other models, the results show that high precision information of precipitable water should be obtained. A weighted average temperature model based on meteorological data in the region must be used, and the principle of calculating precipitable water based on sounding data must be used. The problem of model selection in the process of GPS inversion of precipitable water is analyzed and demonstrated. The Saastamoinen model is analyzed. The accuracy and applicability of Hopfield model and Black model are evaluated. Based on the observation data of IGS station, the mapping function model NMF-MF and VMF1 are analyzed. Taking the ITRF08 frame coordinate and the ZPD product provided by CODE as the true value, the positioning accuracy of the model and the effect of the tropospheric delay solution are compared. The results show that the accuracy of the U direction and the tropospheric delay solution of the VMF1 is similar to that of the NMF model, and the accuracy of the U direction is higher than that of the NMF model. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the solution of tropospheric delay, the flow of retrieving precipitable water based on foundation GPS is presented. The accuracy of retrieving precipitable water by GPS is verified. In addition, the factors affecting the calculation of precipitable water are analyzed. The results show that the error of precipitable water in Hong Kong caused by the tide correction is between 1 and 3 mm, which has little effect on the inland area. The resolution accuracy of the fast ephemeris and the final ephemeris is about the same. The resolution accuracy of the super-fast ephemeris increases with the increase of the observation time, and the maximum difference is 1.100mm. It basically meets the requirement of real time numerical weather forecast. Compared with the Hopfield model and the Black model, the Saastamoinen model is more suitable for the Hong Kong region, in addition, in the absence of measured meteorological data. The applicability of GPT/SAAS model is better than that of EGNOS. The inversion accuracy of GPS_GLONASS integrated system is analyzed. The inversion accuracy of integrated navigation system reaches the requirement of precipitable water accuracy, the average deviation is -0.5380, and the mean deviation is 2.4788. The correlation coefficient is 91.68%. However, the accuracy of inversion is weaker than that of ground-based GPS inversion. It combines the data of Hong Kong satellite reference station network, radar echo images provided by the Hong Kong Observatory and the actual rainfall distribution information. The precipitation analysis of four typhoons affecting Hong Kong area, combined with the changes of meteorological parameters such as temperature, air pressure and relative humidity during typhoons, plays a better role in the prediction and analysis of typhoons.
【學位授予單位】：東華理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P228.4;P412

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