本文關(guān)鍵詞：N,P共摻雜碳材料的制備及電容脫鹽性能研究　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 電容脫鹽 雜原子摻雜 介/微孔碳 類石墨烯多孔碳

【摘要】：水資源短缺問(wèn)題已成為全球最大的問(wèn)題之一。隨著人口增多,工業(yè)發(fā)展和氣候變化,人們對(duì)淡水資源的需求越來(lái)越大。海水淡化是解決該問(wèn)題的有效途徑,傳統(tǒng)的海水淡化方法有反滲透法和蒸餾法,但是傳統(tǒng)方法存在高能耗高成本的缺點(diǎn)。電容脫鹽(Capacitive Deionization)是一種基于電化學(xué)雙電層理論的新型脫鹽方法。該方法成本低,能耗小,工藝設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單易操作,為低成本的脫鹽開辟了新的路徑,從而引起了人們的關(guān)注。碳材料由于其特殊的性質(zhì)而成為電容脫鹽電極最常采用的材料,目前已有多種新型碳材料如活性炭、石墨烯、碳納米管、碳?xì)饽z等已被用于制備電容脫鹽的電極材料,新型電極材料的開發(fā)已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究熱點(diǎn)。尋找制備方法簡(jiǎn)單且具有較高脫鹽效率的電極材料仍然是一項(xiàng)緊迫的任務(wù)。本文的內(nèi)容主要包括新型雜原子摻雜多孔碳材料的制備、形貌及結(jié)構(gòu)表征、電化學(xué)表征以及脫鹽性能的考察,具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)采用柚子皮作為碳源,在NH4H2PO4和KHCO3的雙活化作用下,成功設(shè)計(jì)并合成出N和P元素共摻雜的介/微孔復(fù)合碳材料,并用作電容脫鹽電極材料。所獲得的N和P共摻雜的介/微孔復(fù)合碳材料的比表面積高達(dá)2360 m2/g,介孔率達(dá)到52%。該材料擁有高比電容,低內(nèi)阻和良好的潤(rùn)濕性等特點(diǎn)。在不同的電容脫鹽測(cè)試條件下表現(xiàn)出很好的電容脫鹽性能。在1000 mg/L的NaCl溶液中、施加1.4 V的電壓,該脫鹽電極的脫鹽量能夠達(dá)到20.78 mg/g。該電極還有良好的循環(huán)再生性能。這些良好的性能都要?dú)w功于優(yōu)越的介/微孔結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的潤(rùn)濕性。因此,N和P共摻雜的介/微孔碳材料在電容脫鹽電極材料領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。(2)以植酸和三聚氰胺在室溫下自組裝后得到的白色沉淀物為碳源,通過(guò)加入鐵鹽催化,在900oC高溫煅燒下得到石墨化程度較高的N和P共摻雜的類石墨烯結(jié)構(gòu)。該材料擁有1320 m2/g的高比表面積,良好的電化學(xué)性能和潤(rùn)濕性。在脫鹽測(cè)試中,NaCl溶液的濃度為500 mg/L,施加1.4 V的電壓,脫鹽速率為40mL/min,該脫鹽電極的脫鹽量能夠達(dá)到21mg/g。此外,該電極還具有良好的循環(huán)再生性能。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources has become one of the biggest problems in the world. With the increase of population, industrial development and climate change, the demand for fresh water resources is increasing. Desalination is an effective way to solve this problem. The traditional desalination methods include reverse osmosis and distillation. But the traditional method has the disadvantage of high energy consumption and high cost. It is a new desalination method based on electrochemical double layer theory, which has low cost. Low energy consumption, simple and easy to operate process equipment, opened up a new path for low-cost desalination, which has attracted people's attention. Because of its special properties, carbon materials have become the most commonly used materials for capacitive desalting electrodes. At present, many new carbon materials, such as activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon aerogels, have been used to prepare electrode materials for capacitor desalination. The development of new electrode materials has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. It is still an urgent task to find electrode materials with simple preparation method and high desalination efficiency. Preparation of porous carbon materials. Morphology and structure characterization, electrochemical characterization and desalination performance were investigated. The specific contents were as follows: 1) grapefruit peel was used as carbon source under the dual activation of NH4H2PO4 and KHCO3. The N and P co-doped mesoporous composite carbon materials were successfully designed and synthesized. The N and P co-doped mesoporous composite carbon materials have a specific surface area of 2360 m2 / g and a mesoporous ratio of 52. The material has a high specific capacitance. The characteristics of low internal resistance and good wettability show good capacitance desalting performance under different capacitance desalting test conditions. In 1 000 mg/L NaCl solution, the voltage of 1. 4 V is applied. The desalination capacity of the desalted electrode can reach 20.78. The electrode also has good recycling and regeneration properties. These good properties are due to the excellent dielectric / micropore structure and good wettability. The N and P co-doped mesoporous carbon materials have a broad application prospect in the field of capacitive desalination electrode materials. The white precipitates obtained from phytic acid and melamine at room temperature are used as carbon source. The graphene structure with high degree of graphitization was obtained by the addition of ferric salt under high temperature calcination at 900oC. The material has a high specific surface area of 1320 m2 / g. In the desalination test, the concentration of NaCl solution is 500 mg / L, the voltage is 1.4 V, and the desalination rate is 40 mL / min. The desalination capacity of the desalted electrode can reach 21 mg / g. In addition, the desalination electrode has good recycling and regeneration performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.4;P747

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本文編號(hào)：1401086