發(fā)布時間：2017-12-31 03:38

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于輕小型無人機(jī)的航空攝影測量技術(shù)在高陡邊坡幾何信息勘察中的應(yīng)用研究　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 四旋翼無人機(jī) 航空攝影測量 高陡邊坡幾何信息 結(jié)構(gòu)面信息

【摘要】：隨著時代的不斷發(fā)展,技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新,我們工作生活的各個方面都有了飛躍式提高,人性化、智能化、數(shù)字化的不斷完善,一些傳統(tǒng)手段無法解決、比較困難的問題得以解決,復(fù)雜問題得以簡化。高陡邊坡穩(wěn)定性評價一直是巖石力學(xué),工程地質(zhì)學(xué)和地質(zhì)災(zāi)害等領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的重要課題之一。準(zhǔn)確、可靠、完整、詳細(xì)的高陡邊坡幾何信息的獲取在評估其穩(wěn)定性方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。然而,在科技日新月異的今天,地質(zhì)勘察的主要手段還以羅盤、皮尺等方式現(xiàn)場采集數(shù)據(jù),這些方法工作量大、效率低,有時還要面臨極大的危險。一些場地坡高邊陡,調(diào)查人員無法直接到達(dá)不得不放棄調(diào)查,或者根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行估計,如此得到的數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確性得不到保證。山高坡陡的地質(zhì)勘察工作艱苦并且危險,大多數(shù)時候,由于施工期緊張,開挖,支護(hù),運(yùn)輸?shù)裙ぷ鹘?jīng)常同時進(jìn)行,很難為調(diào)查人員提供充足的時間和足夠的安全空間進(jìn)行詳細(xì)準(zhǔn)確及時的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查。另外,近年來我國大部分工程是在山區(qū)進(jìn)行的,高陡邊坡的調(diào)查處治大多數(shù)時候成為該項(xiàng)目的首要任務(wù)。綜上及時準(zhǔn)確的獲取高陡邊坡幾何信息顯得至關(guān)重要。面對以上問題無疑是給地質(zhì)巖土勘查工作者習(xí)以為常的傳統(tǒng)勘察手段提出了挑戰(zhàn)與新的要求。最近幾年也有學(xué)者提出了不同的與時俱進(jìn)的方法和思路,如數(shù)字近景攝影測量,三維激光掃描儀等,嘗試來取代傳統(tǒng)的測量方法,這些方法也存在一定得不便性。本文以萬元以下消費(fèi)級小型無人機(jī)傾斜航拍獲取高陡邊坡影像為出發(fā)點(diǎn),通過PIX4D航拍影像解譯軟件對圖像進(jìn)行解譯,再對獲取的三維坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行精度評定,進(jìn)而進(jìn)行不同坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換以及巖體結(jié)構(gòu)面產(chǎn)狀,巖體幾何尺寸等幾何信息的計算,最后結(jié)合工程實(shí)例對危巖體勘察評價。本文的方法有效降低了地質(zhì)勘察的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本、人力成本、提高了勘察精度,為地質(zhì)工作者提供了便利。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the times and the continuous progress and innovation of technology, all aspects of our work and life have been improved by leaps and bounds, humanization, intelligence and digitization, some traditional means can not be solved. The more difficult problems can be solved and the complex problems can be simplified. The stability evaluation of high and steep slopes has been one of the important topics in the fields of rock mechanics engineering geology and geological hazards. It is accurate reliable and complete. The acquisition of detailed geometric information of high and steep slopes plays an important role in evaluating the stability of slopes. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, the main means of geological exploration is still compass. The methods of collecting data on the spot, such as pickets, are heavy workload, low efficiency, and sometimes face great danger. Some site slopes are so steep that the investigators cannot reach them directly and have to give up the investigation. Or according to the experience to estimate, so the accuracy of the data can not be guaranteed. Mountain slope steep geological survey work is arduous and dangerous, most of the time, because of the construction period is tight, excavation, support. Transportation and other work are often carried out at the same time, it is difficult to provide sufficient time and safe space for investigators to carry out detailed, accurate and timely on-site investigation. In addition, in recent years, most of the projects in our country are carried out in mountain areas. The investigation and treatment of high and steep slope is the primary task of this project most of the time. It is very important to obtain geometric information of high steep slope in time and accurately. In recent years, some scholars have put forward different methods and ideas to keep pace with the times. Such as digital close-range photogrammetry, three-dimensional laser scanner and so on, trying to replace the traditional measurement methods. These methods are also inconvenient. In this paper, the image is interpreted by PIX4D image interpretation software, which is based on the inclined aerial photography of small UAV below 10,000 yuan to obtain the image of high and steep slope. Then the accuracy of the obtained 3D coordinate data is evaluated, and then the data conversion in different coordinate systems and the calculation of geometric information such as the occurrence of rock mass structure plane and the geometric size of rock mass are carried out. The method in this paper can effectively reduce the economic cost and manpower cost of geological survey, improve the precision of survey, and provide convenience for geological workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P231;TU195.1

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本文編號：1357954