本文關(guān)鍵詞：崇明東灘莎草科植物群落格局及其形成機(jī)制研究　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 小尺度 生境異質(zhì)性 密度效應(yīng) 種間競爭 莎草科植物 崇明東灘

【摘要】：鹽沼在全球分布廣泛,環(huán)境梯度明顯,物種組成較簡單,且具有較為明顯的分帶現(xiàn)象,其植物群落的空間格局一直是生態(tài)學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)問題。叇草、海三棱叇草以及糙葉苔草是崇明東灘三種主要的莎草科土著植物,在鹽沼濕地中具有重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能。然而,近年來莎草科植物群落受到圍墾、污染以及生物入侵等威脅,分布面積驟減。區(qū)別于以往在大尺度上對鹽沼植物分帶機(jī)制的研究,本研究在盆栽受控實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,在小尺度上對崇明東灘南部環(huán)境因子的空間自相關(guān)性以及莎草科植物與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,還探究了崇明東灘濕地前沿先鋒物種的分布格局以及種內(nèi)、種間競爭的效應(yīng),以進(jìn)一步加深對鹽沼植物群落組織機(jī)制的理解。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)崇明東灘南部團(tuán)結(jié)沙環(huán)境因子時空變異大,生境異質(zhì)性程度高。各向同性模型下,含水量和硝態(tài)氮具有強(qiáng)烈的空間自相關(guān)性,而電導(dǎo)率具有中等程度空間自相關(guān)性,容重和銨態(tài)氮空間自相關(guān)性很弱。各向異性模型下,各環(huán)境因子的塊金值、基臺值均相同,但是含水量、電導(dǎo)率、銨態(tài)氮以及硝態(tài)氮的變程差異大,容重變程差異最小。含水量在5月和11月顯著高于7 月(one-way ANOVA,P0.05);電導(dǎo)率和硝態(tài)氮季節(jié)差異顯著(one-way ANOVA,P0.0S),11月最高,7月最低;容重在5月顯著高于7月和11月(one-way ANOVA,P0.05);銨態(tài)氮在7月顯著高于5月和11月(one-way ANOVA,P0.05);總無機(jī)氮在11月顯著高于5月和7月(one-way ANOVA,P0.05)。海三棱叇草適宜分布于土壤含水量和容重較高而電導(dǎo)率較低的生境,叇草在土壤含水量較高、電導(dǎo)率較低和容重較低的生境中占優(yōu)勢,而糙葉苔草適宜分布于土壤電導(dǎo)率較高、含水量低、氨態(tài)氮濃度較低的生境中。(2)克隆植物在不同生長階段,種群密度在不斷發(fā)生變化,種內(nèi)競爭強(qiáng)度也隨之改變,因此,植物會采取相應(yīng)的生長策略和調(diào)節(jié)方式。整個生長季中,海三棱叇草以及糙葉苔草在不同初始栽種密度處理下的密度增長有極顯著差異(repeated measurement ANOVA,P0.01)。收獲時,糙葉苔草在中、高密度處理下種群密度顯著高于低密度處理(one-way ANOVA,P0.05),中密度處理下冠層高度顯著高于低、高密度處理(one-way ANOVA,P0.05)。叇草和海三棱叇草的單株生物量與密度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(R2=0.541,P0.05;R2=0.520,P0.05),叇草和糙葉苔草的總生物量與密度呈顯著的正相關(guān)(R2=0.525,P0.05;R2=0.508,P0.05),根冠比則均未隨密度發(fā)生顯著變化。三種莎草科植物在中、高密度處理下均表現(xiàn)為競爭關(guān)系,且高密度處理下的競爭強(qiáng)度顯著高于中密度處理(one-way ANOVA,P0.05)。(3)莎草科植物萌生苗對實(shí)生苗具有顯著的競爭抑制作用,同時也受到實(shí)生苗的抑制作用。在整個生長季中,海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗在單種及與叇草萌生苗混種處理下高度增長有顯著差異(repeated measurementANOVA,P0.05),而與糙葉苔草以及海三棱叇草萌生苗混種時則無顯著差異。海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗與叇草萌生苗混種時,在生長季中后期密度低于單種,但差異不顯著;與糙葉苔草萌生苗混種時,在整個生長季內(nèi)海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗密度均低于單種,二者差異極顯著(repeated measurement ANOVA,P0.01)。叇草、糙葉苔草以及海三棱叇草萌生苗在單種及混種處理下高度增長均無顯著差異,時間和競爭的交互作用對糙葉苔草萌生苗高度增長具有極顯著效應(yīng)(repeated measurementANOVA,P0.01)。三種植物的萌生苗在單種及混種處理下密度增長均具有極顯著差異(repeated measurement ANOVA,P0.01)。生長季末收獲時,與海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗的競爭使叇草萌生苗地上生物量顯著降低(one-way ANOVA,P0.05),而叇草萌生苗的競爭效應(yīng)顯著降低了海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗的最高高度和冠層高度(one-way ANOVA,P0.05)。海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗的競爭效應(yīng)顯著降低了糙葉苔草萌生苗的最高高度、密度以及地上生物量(one-way ANOVA,P0.05),而海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗密度和地上生物量也受到糙葉苔草萌生苗的顯著抑制(one-way ANOVA,P0.05)。莎草科植物實(shí)生苗和萌生苗之間存在著強(qiáng)烈的種間競爭關(guān)系,且這種競爭是不對稱的,在糙葉苔草萌生苗-海三棱叇草實(shí)生苗混種處理中,萌生苗受到的競爭效應(yīng)顯著高于實(shí)生苗(one-way ANOVA,P0.05)。(4)環(huán)境因子在小尺度上的斑塊性和異質(zhì)性對鹽沼植物的分布格局具有重要影響,而植物的種內(nèi)、種間相互作用也直接影響植物的繁殖生長表現(xiàn)。因此,在對莎草科植物群落進(jìn)行保護(hù)和修復(fù)時,我們只有全面綜合考慮影響莎草科植物繁殖生長表現(xiàn)的各種因素,才能較為準(zhǔn)確的了解植物群落的組成結(jié)構(gòu)和動態(tài)變化,為鹽沼濕地的保護(hù)和修復(fù)提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Salt marsh is widely distributed in the earth, the environmental gradient obviously, species composition is relatively simple, and has obvious zonation, the spatial pattern of the community has been a hot issue of ecology. Cloudy sky grass, bulrush grass and Carex scaberrimus cloudy sky is Chongming Dongtan three main Cyperaceae native plants, has the function of the most important ecosystem in the salt marsh. However, in recent years, Cyperaceae plant communities by reclamation, pollution and other threats of biological invasion, the distribution area plummeted. Different from the past, on a large scale of salt marsh plant research with mechanism, based on the research of controlled experiments on the pot, on a small scale in Chongming East South Beach environmental factors correlation and spatial relationship of Cyperaceae and environmental factors were investigated, and explore the Chongming Dongtan wetland edge species distribution patterns and interspecific competition. For the effect, to further deepen the understanding of mechanism of plant tissue. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) the southern Chongming Dongtan unity sand space-time variation of environmental factors, habitat heterogeneity degree is high. The isotropic model, the water content and nitrate nitrogen has a strong spatial autocorrelation, and the conductivity with moderate spatial autocorrelation, bulk density and ammonium nitrogen spatial autocorrelation is very weak. The anisotropic model under various environment factors nugget. Base station values are the same, but the water content, conductivity, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the range of large differences in density range of moisture was minimum. In May and November was significantly higher than that in July (one-way ANOVA, P0.05); electrical conductivity and nitrate has significant seasonal difference (one-way ANOVA, P0.0S), the highest in November, lowest in July; in May the bulk density was significantly higher than that in July and November (one-way ANOVA, P0.05); ammonium nitrogen significantly in July In May and November (one-way ANOVA, P0.05); the total inorganic nitrogen in November was significantly higher than that in May and July (one-way ANOVA, P0.05). Scirpus grass distributed in cloudy sky suitable soil moisture and high density and low conductivity of the habitat, cloudy sky grass in the higher soil moisture content, the advantage of low conductivity and density is low habitats, brown leaves of Carex suitable distributed in soil with high conductivity, low water content, ammonia nitrogen concentration was low (2). The habitat of clonal plants at different growth stages, the population density changing, the intraspecific competition intensity change, therefore, the plant will take corresponding strategies for growth and the adjustment method. The growth of Ji Zhong, Scirpus scaberrimus Carex grass and cloudy sky at different initial planting density under the growth density had significant difference (repeated measurement, ANOVA, P0.01). During the harvest, rough leaves of Carex in population under high density treatment The density was significantly higher than that of low density (one-way ANOVA, P0.05), medium density under the canopy height was significantly higher than that of low and high density treatment (one-way ANOVA, P0.05). The biomass was negatively correlated with the density of cloudy sky grass and bulrush cloudy sky grass (R2=0.541, P0.05; R2=0.520, P0.05), positively total biomass and density of grass and sedge of the cloudy sky scaberrimus (R2=0.525, P0.05; R2=0.508, P0.05), root shoot ratio were not significantly changed. Along with the density of three species of Cyperaceae family in high densities were competitive, competitive strength and high density treatments were significantly higher than those in density treatment (one-way ANOVA, P0.05). (3) the Cyperaceae plants sprout on seedling has significant competitive inhibition, but also by the inhibition of seedling seedling. In the whole growth Ji Zhong, Scirpus grass seedlings in the cloudy sky and cloudy sky and a grass sprout height of Citrullus Growth has significant difference (repeated measurementANOVA, P0.05), while no significant difference of sprouts mixed with rough leaves and grass sedge Scirpus Scirpus. When cloudy sky is cloudy sky grass seedlings Yudai grass sprout mixed, in the growing season in the late lower density than single species, but the difference was not significant; and the initiation of Carex scaberrimus hybrid seedlings, in the whole growth season sea grass seedling density Sanleng cloudy sky was lower than that of a single, very significant difference between the two (repeated measurement, ANOVA, P0.01). The cloudy sky grass, rough leaf sedge Scirpus grass sprout and cloudy sky in single and mixture under the treatment of high growth was no significant difference of interaction time and the competition has a significant effect on seedling height growth of Carex scaberrimus initiation (repeated measurementANOVA, P0.01). The initiation of three species seedlings in single and mixture density under the treatment of growth has significantly higher (repeated measurement, ANOVA, P0.01). At the end of the growing season of harvest, the competition of seedling and seedling of Scirpus grass sprout grass makes the cloudy sky cloudy sky on the ground biomass was significantly reduced (one-way ANOVA, P0.05), and the effect of the seedling initiation competition cloudy sky grass significantly reduced the bulrush seedling height and the highest cloudy sky grass canopy height seedlings (one-way ANOVA P0.05) Scirpus. Grass seedling competition effect of cloudy sky seedlings significantly reduced the maximum height of Carex scaberrimus initiation seedlings, density and aboveground biomass (one-way, ANOVA, P0.05) and Scirpus grass seedlings cloudy sky density and aboveground biomass were also significantly inhibit the initiation of Carex scaberrimus seedlings (one-way ANOVA, P0.05). Cyperaceae seedlings between seedlings and sprout a competitive relationship between the strong, and this competition is asymmetric, sprout - Scirpus grass seedlings were cloudy sky in rough leaves of Carex, sprout by competition effect was significantly higher than that of seedlings (one-way ANOVA, P 0.05). (4) has an important influence on the distribution pattern of environmental factors in the small scale of patchiness and heterogeneity of salt marsh plants, and plant species, interspecific interactions directly affect plant growth and reproduction performance. Therefore, the protection and repair of Cyperaceae plant communities, we only comprehensively considering various factors to the growth performance of Cyperaceae plant breeding, in order to more accurately understand the composition of the plant community structure and dynamic changes, provide the basis for the protection and repair of the salt marsh.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948.1

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