發(fā)布時間：2017-12-28 01:21

  本文關鍵詞：長江口青草沙水庫前沿河床動力地貌過程及庫堤安全預警分析　出處：《華東師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 河床演變 安全預警 動力地貌過程 青草沙水庫 長江口 分流口

【摘要】：河口位居陸海交匯的狹窄區(qū)域,因其擁有自然和人類無與倫比的資源(如生物多樣性、航道)而對全球和局部區(qū)域的發(fā)展具有重要價值。高強度人類活動作用下的河口動力地貌過程一直是當前國際陸海相互作用計劃以及未來海岸計劃研究的重點內(nèi)容。然而,隨著近年來水利工程建設的開展,上游來水來沙條件發(fā)生改變,進入下游河道的能量分配和泥沙輸移量隨之轉(zhuǎn)移,河口區(qū)的地貌自然格局已有較大變化,這已成為科學和社會不同層面面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。青草沙水庫作為長江河口區(qū)近年來最大的水利工程之一,不僅是上海市最大的城市供水水源地,也是國內(nèi)迄今為止規(guī)模最大的避咸蓄淡型河口江心水庫。水庫位于上接南支河道,下控南北港河勢的南北港分流口附近,周圍暗沙羅列,變動頻繁,河勢復雜多變,演變趨勢不明朗,這將影響青草沙水庫前沿岸堤的穩(wěn)定與上海市飲用水的供給安全。因此開展庫區(qū)前沿河床動力地貌過程對青草沙水庫工程響應的研究,具有重要的理論和應用價值。本文基于2006-2015年長江口北港實測水文泥沙資料(主要包括流速、流向、含沙量、懸沙底沙級配等數(shù)據(jù))分析青草沙水庫前沿河段水動力和懸沙分布等特征。利用長江口南北港分流口區(qū)域采集的2000、2002、2004、2007以及2009-2013等多年實測水深資料,診斷青草沙水庫前沿灘槽形態(tài)的變化和穩(wěn)定性特征,進而探討水庫前沿的河床沖淤變化過程。主要結(jié)論包括:從水流特性來看,北港分流口水流運動形式主要為往復流,以落潮流占優(yōu)勢。其中落潮歷時大于漲潮歷時,落潮流速大于漲潮流速�？菁緷q潮動力強于洪季,落潮動力弱于洪季。研究區(qū)域水體含沙量分布表現(xiàn)為落潮大于漲潮,枯季全潮含沙量大于洪季。其中水體的含沙量沿垂線分布是由底部向表層遞減;在憩流時段附近,垂線流速紊亂、含沙量沿垂線分布展現(xiàn)無明顯變化的分布特征。同時,漲、落急時段內(nèi)流速大、水流動力和挾沙能力強、含沙量大;憩流時段內(nèi)水流速度小、含沙量相對較小。新橋通道附近含沙量低于青草沙水庫尾閭所在位置。從懸沙粒徑沿程分布來看,北港分流口河段表現(xiàn)為:新橋通道附近顆粒較粗,青草沙水庫尾閭所處位置顆粒較細。表層沉積物顆粒組成表現(xiàn)為南北港分流口河段河床表層沉積物較粗,主要有細砂和砂兩種主要類型,分選性較好;北港青草水庫前沿主槽河段河床表層沉積物顆粒組成較細、分布有細砂和粉砂質(zhì)砂兩種類型、分選性相對較好,這在一定程度反映了北港主槽水動力略弱于南北港分流口。研究區(qū)河床沖淤表現(xiàn)為:庫堤前沿河床出現(xiàn)上部先沖再淤,中下部由強到弱的淤積過程。水庫庫堤前沿邊灘以及堡鎮(zhèn)沙尾部位是重點淤積區(qū)域,北港主槽淤積不明顯。青草沙水庫前沿河床沖淤變化在水庫建設前后有明顯差異:建庫前總體表現(xiàn)為河槽沖刷、沙洲淤積,呈現(xiàn)準沖-淤振蕩性質(zhì);建庫后表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)沖刷。水庫庫堤前沿河床也由之前的周期性沖-淤變化轉(zhuǎn)為幅度逐漸減弱的持續(xù)沖刷。同時,水庫前沿河床的沙體沿落潮主流方向移動,成形沙體先增長、再減少,最后趨于平衡,隱形沙體主要分布在南北港分流口以及水庫庫堤前沿,堡鎮(zhèn)沙附近有少量分布。此外,青草沙水庫前沿河床河槽形態(tài)由U型向U型和V型河槽疊加的復式河槽轉(zhuǎn)變。其中上部河床邊灘刷深、中部河床l栍倨膠�、咸斂簡巡U型槽上疊加V型復式河槽。青草沙水庫庫堤前沿不到600 m位置是河床失穩(wěn)的重點風險區(qū)域,尤其是水庫庫堤中上部河床處于不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),如前沿邊坡所在河槽進一步逼近水庫前沿,則河床面臨進一步?jīng)_刷的可能。
[Abstract]:The estuary is located in the narrow area where land and sea converge. Because it has natural and human resources, such as biodiversity and waterway, it is of great value to the development of global and local regions. The dynamic geomorphologic process of estuaries under the action of high intensity human activities has been the focus of current international land sea interaction plan and future coastal planning research. However, with the development of water conservancy construction in recent years, the upstream runoff and sediment conditions change, energy distribution and sediment transport into the downstream channel shifted, natural geomorphic patterns have great changes in the estuary, which has become the common challenges facing different levels of science and society. The grass sand reservoir in the Yangtze River Estuary as one of the largest water conservancy project in recent years, not only is the largest city of Shanghai water supply, is by far the country's largest freshwater storage to avoid salty type River Estuary reservoir. The reservoir is located in the South Branch of the river on the ground, under the control of the north and south south and North River distributary shoal near the mouth, around the list changes frequently, terrain complex, the evolution trend of uncertainty, which will affect the stability of drinking water in Shanghai coastal levee Qingcaosha Reservoir before the supply of security. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical value to carry out the research on the response of the river bed dynamic geomorphology to the engineering response of the green grass and sand reservoir. In this paper, 2006-2015 north channel of Changjiang Estuary hydrology based on sediment data (including velocity and sediment concentration, suspended sediment gradation data such as Sha DI) of Qingcaosha Reservoir before the water along the river hydrodynamic and sediment distribution characteristics. The port in the South and North diversion regional collection of 2000, 2002, 2004, 2007 and 2009-2013 years of measured bathymetric data, diagnosis of Qingcaosha Reservoir variation before the groove shape and stability characteristics of Yantan reservoir, and then discusses the frontier of riverbed erosion process. The main conclusions are as follows: from the flow characteristics, North diversion flow slobber is mainly in the form of reciprocating flow, with the ebb dominant. The ebb duration is longer than that of the flood and ebb tide flow rate is greater than. The dry season power Yuhong season, tide power weak Yu season. Study on regional water sediment concentration distribution is greater than the ebb tide, the dry season Quanchao sediment concentration is greater than the flood season. The sediment water distribution along the vertical direction is decreasing from the bottom to the surface; in the slack period near the vertical velocity, sediment concentration distribution along the disorder showed no significant changes in the vertical distribution. At the same time, the rise and fall of acute period of high velocity, hydrodynamic and sediment carrying capacity, large sediment; slack period flow velocity and sediment concentration relatively small. Xinqiao channel near the sediment below the grass sand reservoir at the location. The grain size distribution, the North River diversion performance: the bridge channel near the coarse particles, Qingcaosha Reservoir located in fine particle at. The surface sediment particle composition showed the north port diversion of river bed surface sediment is thick, there are two types of fine sand and sand, good sorting; North grass reservoir riverbed sediments front main component is small, the distribution of fine sand and silty sand, two types of sorting is relatively good, this to a certain extent reflects the main channel of the north channel hydrodynamic slightly weaker than the South and North diversion. The scouring and silting of riverbed in the study area shows that the upper part of the riverbed is first washed and re silted in the upper part of the bank, and the middle and lower part of the river bed is from strong to weak. The reservoir dike beach front and tail parts is the focus of Bao Zhen Sha siltation area, sediment deposition is not obvious. Qingcaosha Reservoir frontier of riverbed erosion have obvious differences in the reservoir before and after the construction: before the construction of the overall performance of channel erosion and sand deposition, a quasi - and impulse oscillation properties; after the reservoir showed continued erosion. The river bed in front of the reservoir bank also changed from the previous periodic flushing and silting to the gradual weakening of the scour. At the same time, the mobile sand reservoir before the river bed along the mainstream direction, forming the first sand body growth, then decreases, finally tends to balance the distribution of sand body in the South and north main contact and reservoir diversion dike frontier, a small amount of the distribution of sand near the town. In addition, the grass sand reservoir before stacking along the bed channel morphology from U type to U type and V type channel double channel transformation. The upper river beach, Central River l deep brush glue, Lu Kang Suan from Xuan yo groove superimposed on the V type compound channel. Qingcaosha Reservoir dike frontier less than 600 m position is the focus of risk loss of riverbed area stability, especially the reservoir in the upper river embankment is in an unstable state, such as the slope where the channel further approaching the reservoir frontier, is facing further erosion of riverbed may.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV143;TV698

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