本文關(guān)鍵詞：長(zhǎng)江河口大型底棲動(dòng)物疑難種修訂及河口種形成機(jī)理初探　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 長(zhǎng)江河口 大型底棲動(dòng)物 疑難種修訂 DNA條形碼 河口種 形成機(jī)理

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)江河口大型底棲動(dòng)物是長(zhǎng)江河口生態(tài)系統(tǒng)重要組成部分。在正確鑒定與分類(lèi)的基礎(chǔ)上,才能正確開(kāi)展對(duì)長(zhǎng)江河口大型底棲動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的研究,研究其生理機(jī)制、環(huán)境毒理效應(yīng)。另一方面,從生物地理學(xué)的角度,對(duì)河口從淡水、咸淡水到海水隨鹽度梯度變化分布的近緣物種應(yīng)鑒定準(zhǔn)確,才能更好研究其分布地和生境。在前述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,建立系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系和估算近緣種分化時(shí)間,才能深入探究生物多樣性的成因。本研究基于長(zhǎng)江口濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)野外監(jiān)測(cè)研究站標(biāo)本館館藏大型底棲動(dòng)物標(biāo)本和部分補(bǔ)充標(biāo)本,利用傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)特征分類(lèi)與DNA條形碼技術(shù)相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)其中部分疑難種進(jìn)行重新鑒定。傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)特征分類(lèi)中,我們通過(guò)比較長(zhǎng)江河口標(biāo)本與近緣物種標(biāo)本或文獻(xiàn)中近緣物種的重要分類(lèi)特征,給予疑難物種重新描述與形態(tài)分類(lèi)。利用DNA分子序列測(cè)定技術(shù),對(duì)這些物種線粒體COI基因和16sRNA基因、細(xì)胞核18sRNA基因及28sRNA基因進(jìn)行了分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析,給予疑難種修訂以證據(jù)。本研究在以下2個(gè)方面取得進(jìn)展:1、運(yùn)用形態(tài)特征分類(lèi)與DNA分子序列分析結(jié)合的方法,厘清了長(zhǎng)江河口大型底棲動(dòng)物部分疑難種。修訂結(jié)果為:圓鋸齒吻沙蠶Dentinephtys glabra(Hartman,1950),實(shí)為光潔齒吻沙蠶Nephtys glabra Hartman,1950;河蜆 Corbicula fluminea(O.F.Muller,1774),實(shí)為刻紋蜆Corbicula largillierti(Philippi,1844);日本旋卷蜾贏蜚Corophium volutator(Pallas,1766),實(shí)為東灘華蜾贏蜚Sinocorophium dongtanense RenLiu,2014;光背節(jié)鞭水虱 Synidotea laevidorsalis Miers,1881,實(shí)為寬尾節(jié)鞭水虱Synidotea laticauda Benedict,1897;雷伊著名團(tuán)水虱Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Hoestlandt,1969,實(shí)為中華著名團(tuán)水虱Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis(Tattersall,1921);無(wú)齒螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantes dehaani(H.Milne-Edwards,1853),實(shí)為隱秘螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantesneglectum(De Man,1887);紅色體色譚氏泥蟹Ilyoplax deschampsi(Rathbun,1913)實(shí)為種內(nèi)變異,隱存種懷疑不成立。2、針對(duì)長(zhǎng)江河口 一些大型底棲動(dòng)物分布于河口的客觀現(xiàn)象,從地域角度提出河口種的概念。河口種包括:光潔齒吻沙蠶Nephtys glabra Hartman,1950,刻紋蜆 Corbicula largillierti(Philippi,1844),東灘華蜾贏蜚 Sinocorophium dongtanense RenLiu,2014,中華著名團(tuán)水虱 Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis(Tattersall,1921),凹尾棒鞭水虱Cleantioides emarginata KwonKim,1992,崇西水虱 Chongxidotea annandalei(Tattersall,1921),寬尾節(jié)鞭水虱Synidotea laticauda Benedict,1897,安氏白蝦Exopalaemon annandalei(Kemp,1917),脊尾白蝦 Exopalaemon carinicauda(Holthuis,1950),葛氏長(zhǎng)臂蝦 Palaemon gravieri(Yu,1930),隱秘螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantes neglectum(De Man,1887),譚氏泥蟹 Ilyoplax deschampsi(Rathbun,1913)。通過(guò)貝葉斯方法,構(gòu)建河口種與近緣海洋種分化時(shí)間樹(shù),估算出河口種與近緣海洋種的分化時(shí)間,對(duì)比海侵自然地質(zhì)事件發(fā)生時(shí)間,從海侵、海退和生物滯留等原因解釋長(zhǎng)江河口種的形成機(jī)理。長(zhǎng)江河口大型底棲動(dòng)物疑難種修訂既是長(zhǎng)江口標(biāo)本多年大量積累與不斷補(bǔ)充的堅(jiān)持,又是在對(duì)相關(guān)物種分類(lèi)研究新進(jìn)展不斷關(guān)注中進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)性工作。該項(xiàng)工作的完成,有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)被忽視的科學(xué)研究問(wèn)題,也可以幫助相關(guān)學(xué)科正確深入推進(jìn),同時(shí)對(duì)于生產(chǎn)生活也有一定的實(shí)際意義。本研究中,利用DNA分子序列估算河口種與近緣海洋種的分化時(shí)間進(jìn)而初步解釋河口種的形成機(jī)理,是長(zhǎng)江河口大型底棲動(dòng)物生物多樣性成因的一次探究,對(duì)未來(lái)生物多樣性研究有積極的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:The large benthic Zoobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary are an important component of the Yangtze estuary ecosystem. Based on correct identification and classification, we can correctly carry out the research on macroinvertebrate community structure in Yangtze Estuary, and study its physiological mechanism and environmental toxicology effect. On the other hand, from the perspective of biogeography, the closely related species of the estuaries from fresh water, salty fresh water to seawater with salinity gradient should be identified accurately, so as to better study their distribution and habitats. On the basis of the previous studies, the development of phylogenetic relationship and the estimation of the differentiation time of the proximal species can be used to explore the causes of biodiversity. Based on the Yangtze River estuary wetland ecosystem field monitoring research station, the collection of macrozoobenthos specimens and some supplementary specimens were collected in the Herbarium. By using traditional morphological feature classification and DNA barcode technology, some of the difficult species were re identified. In the traditional morphological classification, we compared the important classification characteristics of the Changjiang Estuary specimens and closely related species specimens or closely related species, giving the difficult species re description and morphological classification. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI genes and 16sRNA genes, nuclear 18sRNA genes and 28sRNA genes in these species were carried out by using DNA molecular sequencing technology. The research progresses in the following 2 aspects: 1. Using morphological feature classification and DNA molecular sequence analysis method, we clarified some difficult species of macrozoobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary. Results: saw tooth revision Dentinephtys glabra kiss Nereis (Hartman, 1950), is Nephtys glabra Hartman smooth tooth kiss lobworm, 1950; Corbicula fluminea (O.F.Muller, c.fluminea, 1774) is etched Corbicula largillierti Xian (Philippi, 1844); Japan convolute Guo and Corophium volutator win (Pallas, 1766), it is Guo Hua Dong Tan and Sinocorophium dongtanense won RenLiu, 2014; Synidotea laevidorsalis back light whip Epicaridea Miers, 1881, is the wide tail whip Synidotea Laticauda water Benedict, 1897; Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Hoestlandt famous sphaeroma Rey, 1969, is the famous sphaeroma Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis (Tattersall, 1921); no tooth Mantis arm hand crab Chiromantes dehaani (H.Milne-Edwards, 1853), is the secret chiromantes Chiromantesneglectum (De Man, 1887); the red color ilyoplax deschampsi (Rathb Ilyoplax deschampsi UN, 1913) is intraspecific variation, and the hidden species is doubted. 2. In view of the objective phenomena of some large benthic animals distributed in the estuary of the Changjiang Estuary, the concept of estuarine species is proposed from a regional point of view. Estuarine species include: Nephtys glabra Hartman smooth tooth kiss lobworm, 1950 Corbicula largillierti, Corbicula largillierti (Philippi, 1844), Hua Guo Dong Tan and Sinocorophium dongtanense won RenLiu, 2014, the Chinese famous sphaeroma Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis (Tattersall, 1921), Cleantioides emarginata tail whip rod concave water KwonKim, 1992, Chongxi water Chongxidotea annandalei (Tattersall, 1921), wide tail whip creature Synidotea Laticauda Benedict, Exopalaemon annandalei 1897, Exopalaemon annandalei (Kemp, 1917), carincauda Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950) Palaemon gravieri, Palaemon gravieri (Yu, 1930), secret chiromantes Chiromantes neglectum (De Man, 1887 ilyoplax deschampsi), Ilyoplax deschampsi (Rathbun, 1913). By Bayesian method, construct the estuarine species and related marine species differentiation time tree, estimate the estuarine species and related marine species differentiation time, comparison of natural geological events of transgression, the reason of transgression and regression and explain the formation mechanism of bioretention species in the Changjiang estuary. The revision of the difficult species of Macrobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary is not only a persistence in the Yangtze River Estuary specimens for many years, but also a basic work in the continuous attention of the new progress in the classification and research of related species. The completion of this work will help to discover neglected scientific research questions, and help relevant disciplines to further advance properly, and at the same time, it has practical significance for production and life. In this study, estimation of estuarine species and related marine species differentiation time and explain the initial formation mechanism of estuarine species using DNA sequence, is a study of Yangtze River Estuary benthic animal biodiversity causes, there is a positive reference for future research on biodiversity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q959

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