本文關(guān)鍵詞：黃頂菊凋落物的分解特性及其對模擬氮沉降的響應(yīng)　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黃頂菊 入侵植物 氮沉降 土壤管理 凋落物分解 施氮 氮固持 植物-土壤反饋

【摘要】：生物入侵和氮沉降加劇作為兩種全球變化因子,可能共同影響入侵植物凋落物分解過程。了解植物入侵和氮沉降單獨(dú)或二者對凋落物分解的復(fù)合影響,有助于揭示全球變化背景下的植物入侵機(jī)理,并為降低入侵植物危害提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗(yàn)先以入侵植物黃頂菊(Flaveria bidentis)和共生本地植物狗尾草(Setaria viridis)葉片凋落物為對象,采用凋落袋法研究了氮添加和埋土處理對其殘留率、含C量、含N量和C/N的影響。由于凋落物的物種組成和凋落物的類型是影響凋落物分解的主要因素,并且它們的影響受到外部養(yǎng)分可利用性的調(diào)控,進(jìn)一步我們研究了氮添加是否影響入侵植物黃頂菊不同器官凋落物(葉、細(xì)根和莖)的分解速率和養(yǎng)分釋放特征。結(jié)果顯示,施氮明顯降低了黃頂菊葉片凋落物的分解速率,施氮處理葉片黃頂菊凋落物的分解常數(shù)k值為1.68,顯著的小于對照2.26,而對狗尾草凋落物分解有一定的促進(jìn)作用,但差異不顯著。埋土處理對兩種植物凋落物分解均表現(xiàn)顯著促進(jìn)。埋土以及埋土和施氮共同處理兩個(gè)物種葉片凋落物的分解均有顯著的促進(jìn)作用,埋土處理部分抵消了氮添加對黃頂菊凋落物的抑制作用。特別地,倍增氮沉降單一因素并未影響黃頂菊葉片凋落物N固持,而埋土和二者綜合作用顯著促進(jìn)了N固持。一方面,施氮處理對入侵植物凋落物的分解影響表現(xiàn)出器官差異,倍增氮沉降抑制了葉凋落物的分解,其葉凋落物的分解速率比對照減少了 25%,但是對其它器官凋落物的分解速率沒有影響。這一差異導(dǎo)致在施氮后入侵植物和本地植物葉凋落物的分解常數(shù)趨同。因此,植物器官對氮沉降響應(yīng)的差異遠(yuǎn)大于物種之間的差異。另一方面,施氮引起凋落物質(zhì)量的改變,但是沒有導(dǎo)致凋落物更多的氮釋放,表明施肥水平通過改變分解者養(yǎng)分可利用性對分解的直接影響顯著大于通過改變凋落物的質(zhì)量的間接影響�？傊�,氮素沉降水平倍增以及入侵種凋落物不同管理方式(埋土或土表)均可影響凋落物的分解速率和養(yǎng)分循環(huán),但存在物種差異,這種差異主要由于凋落物質(zhì)量的差別。未來氮沉降情形下,黃頂菊入侵地凋落物的較低的分解速率常數(shù)會導(dǎo)致土壤碳庫增加,促進(jìn)其成功入侵。伴隨著氮沉降水平的增加,地下土壤碳庫在入侵植物與氮循環(huán)的正反饋方面將變的更加明顯。鑒于埋土對黃頂菊凋落物分解和養(yǎng)分釋放的促進(jìn)作用,可采取清除凋落物等的方法阻斷植物-土壤正反饋機(jī)制,實(shí)現(xiàn)對入侵植物的控制。
[Abstract]:Biological invasion and nitrogen deposition are two global change factors, which may affect the decomposition process of invasive plant litter together. Understanding the combined effects of plant invasion and nitrogen deposition alone or two on litter decomposition is helpful to reveal the mechanism of plant invasion in the context of global change, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the harm of invasive plants. The first test in invasive plant Flaveria bidentis (Flaveria bidentis) and symbiosis of native plants (Setaria viridis) johnswort leaf litter as the object, studies the influence of soil nitrogen addition and the residual rate, C content, N content and C/N using the litter bag method. Because of the type species and litter litter are major factors affecting litter decomposition, and their influence can be controlled by the external nutrient, we further studied whether the addition of nitrogen effects of invasive weed flaveriabidentis in different organs (leaf litter and fine root and stem) of the decomposition rate and nutrient release characteristics. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduces the decomposition rate of flaveriabidentis leaf litter, decomposition constant k of nitrogen in leaves of Flaveria bidentis litter was 1.68, significantly less than the control 2.26, while the Setaria litter decomposition has certain stimulative effect, but the difference was not significant. The buried soil treatment significantly promoted the litter decomposition of the two plants. Were buried, buried soil decomposition and nitrogen treatment of two species of leaf litter significantly promoted, buried soil treatment partially offset the inhibitory effect on nitrogen addition of flaveriabidentis litter. In particular, double single factor did not affect flaveriabidentis leaf litter nitrogen deposition and N immobilization, the comprehensive effect of soil and buried two significantly promoted N holding. On the one hand, the effect of Nitrogen Application on the decomposition of invasive plants showed different organs. The doubled nitrogen deposition inhibited the decomposition of leaf litter, and the decomposition rate of leaf litter decreased by 25% compared with the control, but it had no effect on the decomposition rate of other organs. This difference leads to the convergence of decomposition constants of invasive plants and local plant leaf litter after nitrogen application. Therefore, the difference in the response of plant organs to nitrogen deposition is far greater than the difference between species. On the other hand, nitrogen application caused changes in litter quality, but did not cause more nitrogen release from litter. It indicated that the direct effect of fertilization level on decomposition was significantly greater than that by changing litter quality indirectly. In conclusion, different levels of nitrogen deposition and different management modes of buried species and litter can affect litter decomposition rate and nutrient cycling, but there are species differences. The difference is mainly due to the difference of litter quality. The future of nitrogen deposition conditions, the decomposition rate constants of low F.bidentis invasion of litter will lead to increased soil carbon pool, promote its successful invasion. With the increase of nitrogen deposition level, the underground soil carbon pool will become more obvious in the positive feedback of the invasive plants and nitrogen cycle. In view of the fact that buried litter decomposition of flaveriabidentis and nutrient release promotion method can take a clear litter blocking plant soil positive feedback mechanism, realize the control of invasive plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948

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