發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023-11-12 14:02

　　通過(guò)在中國(guó)湖北省黃石市土壤重金屬污染區(qū)設(shè)立田間實(shí)驗(yàn),研究施用不同量稻草秸稈(RS)、綠肥(GM)和豬糞(PM)對(duì)土壤中銅(Cu)和鎘(Cd)形態(tài)影響,以及對(duì)有機(jī)質(zhì)結(jié)合銅鎘含量、小麥不同部位銅鎘吸收量及土壤微生物性質(zhì)的影響。稻草、綠肥和豬糞施用顯著降低了土壤中可溶態(tài)/可交換態(tài)銅鎘濃度,增加了有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)和無(wú)機(jī)態(tài)結(jié)合態(tài)銅鎘含量。與對(duì)照相比,施加稻草秸稈可降低種植前土壤中殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)銅鎘含量,綠肥和豬糞增加了殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)銅鎘含量。稻草、綠肥和豬糞的施用不影響小麥?zhǔn)崭詈笸寥罋堅(jiān)鼞B(tài)銅鎘含量。有機(jī)物料施用可影響土壤多種性質(zhì),如土壤酸堿度(pH)、電導(dǎo)率(EC)、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量(SOM)和土壤有效磷含量(AP),而這些因素的改變又能顯著影響污染土壤中銅鎘的分布。在小麥種植前和收獲后,土壤導(dǎo)電率、酸堿度、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、土壤有效磷含量與可溶態(tài)/可交換態(tài)銅鎘含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),其中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的增加是污染土壤中的有效性銅鎘含量減少的最重要因素。與小麥種植前相比,小麥?zhǔn)斋@后有機(jī)質(zhì)在降低銅鎘有效性的作用更小。在三種修復(fù)劑中,施用稻草秸稈是減少銅鎘有效性最有效的修復(fù)劑,且增加施用量的效果更佳。在稻草秸稈施用的土壤中發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的有機(jī)結(jié)合...

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：132 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
Chapter 1 Review of literature
    1.1. Contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals
    1.2. Hazdrous effects of heavy metals Effect of heavy metals
        1.2.1. Effect of heavy metals on human health
        1.2.2. Effect of heavy metals on soil microbial properties
            1.2.2.1. Soil microbial biomass and counts
            1.2.2.2. Soil enzymes activities
        1.2.3. Effect of heavy metals on plant growth
    1.3. Remediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils
    1.4. Effect of organic amendments on availability and distribution of heavy metals insoils
    1.5. Soil factors controlling the availability of heavy metals in soils
    1.6. Binding of heavy metals with soil organic matter fractions
    1.7. Effect of organic amendments on soil properties
        1.7.1. Basic soil chemical properties
        1.7.2. Soil microbial properties
    1.8. Effect of organic amendments on plant growth and metals accumulation
    1.9. Research aims
Chapter 2 Fractionation of Cu and Cd in a contaminated soil amended with organicwastes
    2.1. Introduction
    2.2. Materials and Methods
        2.2.1. Field experiment
        2.2.2. Soil analysis
        2.2.3. Organic amendments analysis
        2.2.4. Sequential extraction of Cu and Cd in the soil
        2.2.5. Statistical analysis
    2.3. Results
        2.3.1. Soil chemical properties
        2.3.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd in the soil
        2.3.3. Relationships between soil properties and Cu and Cd fractions
            2.3.3.1. Before the planting of wheat
            2.3.3.2. After the harvest of wheat
    2.4. Discussion
        2.4.1. Soil chemical properties
        2.4.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd
    2.5. Conclusions
Chapter 3 Binding of Cu and Cd by organic matter fractions in a contaminated soilameliorated with organic amendments
    3.1. Introduction
    3.2. Materials and Methods
        3.2.1. Analysis of Cu and Cd bound with POM
        3.2.2. Determination of Cu and Cd linked with soil humic substances
    3.3. Results
        3.3.1. Influence of organic amendments on Cu and Cd bound by POM
            3.3.1.1. Before the growing of wheat
            3.3.1.2. After the harvest of wheat
        3.3.2. Influence of organic amendments on the fixation of Cu and Cd by humicsubstances
            3.3.2.1. Before the growing of wheat
            3.3.2.2. After the harvest of wheat
    3.4. Discussion
        3.4.1. Binding of Cu and Cd with POM fractions
        3.4.2. Retention of Cu and Cd by humic substances fractions
    3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 4 Accumulation and distrbution of Cu and Cd in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) as influenced by organic amendments
    4.1. Introduction
    4.2. Materials and Methods
        4.2.1. Plant analysis
        4.2.2. Bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of Cu and Cd
    4.3. Results
        4.3.1. Nutrients, protein contents and yield of wheat
        4.3.2. Accumulation of Cu and Cd in wheat
        4.3.3. Bio-concentration and translocation of Cu and Cd
        4.3.4. Correlations between soil basic properties and the absorption of Cu and Cd bywheat
        4.3.5. Correlations between Cu and Cd fractions and their absorption by wheat
    4.4. Discussion
    4.5. Conclusions
Chapter 5 Microbial properties after in situ remediation of a heavy metalcontaminated soil
    5.1. Introduction
    5.2. Material and Methods
        5.2.1. Microbial biomass
        5.2.2. Enzymes activities
            5.2.2.1. Dehydrogenase
            5.2.2.2. Phosphatase
            5.2.2.3. Urease
            5.2.2.4. Protease
            5.2.2.5. Invertase
            5.2.2.6. Catalase
        5.2.3. Total microorganisms
    5.3. Results
        5.3.1. Effects of organic amendments on soil microbial biomass
        5.3.2. Response of soil enzymes activities to organic amendments
        5.3.3. Effect of organic amendments on total numbers of soil microorganisms
        5.3.4. Correlations between soil chemical properties and soil microbial properties
        5.3.5. Relationships between the different fractions of Cu and Cd and soil microbialproperties
    5.4. Discussion
    5.5. Conclusions
Chapter 6 General conclusions
References
Acknowledgement
List of Publications



本文編號(hào)：3863299