硫化氫緩解鋁、鎘和鹽脅迫及硫營養(yǎng)影響大麥生長與品質(zhì)的生理機制
發(fā)布時間：2022-01-09 19:43
硫是植物生長必需元素,硫缺乏抑制作物生長,降低產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。近二十年來,作物硫缺乏在世界范圍內(nèi)呈增長趨勢,其主要原因是工業(yè)排放二氧化硫減少,低含硫肥料的持續(xù)增加使用及含硫殺菌劑和殺蟲劑的持續(xù)減少使用。另一方面,酸（鋁）、鹽咸及重金屬等環(huán)境脅迫正嚴重制約著作物產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)。大麥是全球各地普遍栽培的禾谷類作物,是重要的糧食、飼料以及工業(yè)原料作物。硫缺乏也可能影響大麥生長和品質(zhì)。本研究旨在探討硫營養(yǎng)對大麥生長、產(chǎn)量及籽粒品質(zhì)的影響及基因型差異。同時,探討了外源H2S緩解大麥鋁、鎘和鹽脅迫的生理機制,為通過化學(xué)調(diào)控手段減輕作物鋁、鎘和鹽脅迫及減少鋁、鎘積累提供理論與技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.外源H2S對大麥鋁毒害的緩解效應(yīng)溫室水培試驗,探討了外源H2S緩解大麥Al毒害的機理。試驗設(shè)5個處理：（1）對照,0.5mM CaCl2溶液：（2）Pre-S,Al處理前1d用0.5mM CaCl2溶液+200μM NaHS預(yù)處理24h,次日更換為0.5mM CaCl2溶液；（3） Al,0.5mM CaCl2處理24h,次日更換為0.5mM CaCl2+100μM AlCl3溶液；（4） Pre-S+A...
【文章來源】：浙江大學(xué)浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：120 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
摘要
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Literature review
1.1 Sulfur in soil
1.2 Sulfur uptake, assimilation and metabolism in plants
1.3 Physiological and metabolic changes in plants under sulfur starvation
1.4 Sulfur and nitrogen interaction in plants
1.5 Interaction of sulfur with other nutrients
1.6 Sulfur for better crop production
1.7 Sulfur-mediated defense against environmental stresses
1.8 Barley and crop production
1.9 Research objectives
Chapter 2 Alleviation effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on aluminum toxicity in barley
2.1. Materials and methods
2.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
2.1.2 Measurements of plant height, root length, dry weight and S, Al and other metal concentrations
2.1.3 Examination of root Al distribution
2.1.4 Measurement of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis parameters
2.1.5 Determination of relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and lipid peroxidation
2.1.6 Assay of enzyme activities
2.1.7 Statictical analysis
2.2 Results
2.2.1 H_2S donor alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and biomass
2.2.2 H_2S suppressed Al uptake in barley plants under Al stress
2.2.3 Effect of Al and H_2S on nutrient content
2.2.4 Effect of Al and H_2S on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
2.2.5 H_2S reduced Al-induced electrolyte leakage and over accumulation of lipid peroxidation
2.2.6 Response of antioxidant enzymes to Al and H_2S addition
2.2.7 Effect of H_2S and Al on ATPase activity in barley roots
2.3 Discussion
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Effect of exogenous H_2S on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidative capacity ofbarley plants under cadmium stress
3.1 Materials and methods
3.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
3.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
3.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
3.1.4 Assay of enzyme activities
3.1.5 Determination of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
3.1.6 ROS determination
3.1.7 Histochemical detection of root plasma membrane integrity
3.1.8 Determination of reduced GSH and reduced ascorbic acid contents
3.1.9 Statictical analyses
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley seedlings
3.2.2 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on Cd concentration in barley
3.2.3 Effect of Cd and H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
3.2.4 Effect of H_2S on Cd-induced oxidative stress in barley
3.2.5 Effect of Cd and H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
3.2.6 Effect of exogenous NaHS on H_2O_2 and O_2 production in roots
3.2.7 Effect of exogenous NaHS on GSH and AsA in roots
3.3 Discussion
Chapter 4 Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidativesystem of barley under salinity stress
4.1 Materials and methods
4.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
4.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
4.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
4.1.4 Determination of chlorophyll content and gas exchange and photosynthetic parameters
4.1.5 Assay of enzyme activities
4.1.6 Statistical analyses
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley
4.2.2 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on Na~+, K~+ uptake and Na~+/K~+ ratio
4.2.3 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
4.2.4 Effect of H_2S on salt-induced oxidative stress in barley
4.2.5 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
4.3 Discussion
Chapter 5 Effect of sulfur nutrition on growth, nutrient uptake and grain composition ofbarley
5.1 Materials and methods
5.1.1 Growth conditions
5.1.2 Sampling and analysis
5.1.3 Elemental concentration of plant tissues
5.1.4 Beta-amylase assay
5.1.5 Statistical analyses
5.2 Results
5.2.1 Effect of S nutrition on growth and yield components
5.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on S and macro-elements concentrations in barley plants
5.2.3 Effect of S nutrition on micro-nutrients in barley plants
5.2.4 Effect of S on nutrient composition in barley grains
5.2.5 Effect of S nutrition on beta-amylase activity
5.3 Discussion
Chapter 6 Proteome and amino acid profile in mature barley grains as affected by sulfurfertilization
6.1 Materials and methods
6.1.1 Growth conditions
6.1.2 Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis
6.1.3 Protein visualization, image analysis, and quantification
6.1.4 Peptide and protein identification by database search
6.1.5 Amino acid analysis
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Changes in protein profile of barley grains induced by S nutrition
6.2.1.1 Protein involved in carbohydrate metabolism
6.2.1.2 Stress-related proteins
6.2.1.3 Enzyme inhibitors
6.2.1.4 Proteins involved in protein synthesis, folding and storage
6.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on amino acid contents
6.3 Discussion
References
本文編號：3579327
【文章來源】：浙江大學(xué)浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：120 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
摘要
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Literature review
1.1 Sulfur in soil
1.2 Sulfur uptake, assimilation and metabolism in plants
1.3 Physiological and metabolic changes in plants under sulfur starvation
1.4 Sulfur and nitrogen interaction in plants
1.5 Interaction of sulfur with other nutrients
1.6 Sulfur for better crop production
1.7 Sulfur-mediated defense against environmental stresses
1.8 Barley and crop production
1.9 Research objectives
Chapter 2 Alleviation effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on aluminum toxicity in barley
2.1. Materials and methods
2.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
2.1.2 Measurements of plant height, root length, dry weight and S, Al and other metal concentrations
2.1.3 Examination of root Al distribution
2.1.4 Measurement of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis parameters
2.1.5 Determination of relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and lipid peroxidation
2.1.6 Assay of enzyme activities
2.1.7 Statictical analysis
2.2 Results
2.2.1 H_2S donor alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and biomass
2.2.2 H_2S suppressed Al uptake in barley plants under Al stress
2.2.3 Effect of Al and H_2S on nutrient content
2.2.4 Effect of Al and H_2S on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
2.2.5 H_2S reduced Al-induced electrolyte leakage and over accumulation of lipid peroxidation
2.2.6 Response of antioxidant enzymes to Al and H_2S addition
2.2.7 Effect of H_2S and Al on ATPase activity in barley roots
2.3 Discussion
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Effect of exogenous H_2S on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidative capacity ofbarley plants under cadmium stress
3.1 Materials and methods
3.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
3.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
3.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
3.1.4 Assay of enzyme activities
3.1.5 Determination of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
3.1.6 ROS determination
3.1.7 Histochemical detection of root plasma membrane integrity
3.1.8 Determination of reduced GSH and reduced ascorbic acid contents
3.1.9 Statictical analyses
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley seedlings
3.2.2 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on Cd concentration in barley
3.2.3 Effect of Cd and H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
3.2.4 Effect of H_2S on Cd-induced oxidative stress in barley
3.2.5 Effect of Cd and H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
3.2.6 Effect of exogenous NaHS on H_2O_2 and O_2 production in roots
3.2.7 Effect of exogenous NaHS on GSH and AsA in roots
3.3 Discussion
Chapter 4 Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidativesystem of barley under salinity stress
4.1 Materials and methods
4.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
4.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
4.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
4.1.4 Determination of chlorophyll content and gas exchange and photosynthetic parameters
4.1.5 Assay of enzyme activities
4.1.6 Statistical analyses
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley
4.2.2 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on Na~+, K~+ uptake and Na~+/K~+ ratio
4.2.3 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
4.2.4 Effect of H_2S on salt-induced oxidative stress in barley
4.2.5 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
4.3 Discussion
Chapter 5 Effect of sulfur nutrition on growth, nutrient uptake and grain composition ofbarley
5.1 Materials and methods
5.1.1 Growth conditions
5.1.2 Sampling and analysis
5.1.3 Elemental concentration of plant tissues
5.1.4 Beta-amylase assay
5.1.5 Statistical analyses
5.2 Results
5.2.1 Effect of S nutrition on growth and yield components
5.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on S and macro-elements concentrations in barley plants
5.2.3 Effect of S nutrition on micro-nutrients in barley plants
5.2.4 Effect of S on nutrient composition in barley grains
5.2.5 Effect of S nutrition on beta-amylase activity
5.3 Discussion
Chapter 6 Proteome and amino acid profile in mature barley grains as affected by sulfurfertilization
6.1 Materials and methods
6.1.1 Growth conditions
6.1.2 Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis
6.1.3 Protein visualization, image analysis, and quantification
6.1.4 Peptide and protein identification by database search
6.1.5 Amino acid analysis
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Changes in protein profile of barley grains induced by S nutrition
6.2.1.1 Protein involved in carbohydrate metabolism
6.2.1.2 Stress-related proteins
6.2.1.3 Enzyme inhibitors
6.2.1.4 Proteins involved in protein synthesis, folding and storage
6.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on amino acid contents
6.3 Discussion
References
本文編號：3579327
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