這個時代正在見證著工業(yè)革命的巨大影響,同時藥物、重金屬、化肥、農(nóng)藥等化學(xué)用品的使用也在不斷增長。這些化學(xué)用品的使用可能會對人類和其他生物帶來身體功能紊亂、患病和中毒等嚴(yán)重結(jié)果。本研究的目的是評估污染對人類和動物造成的有害影響（用魚作為模式生物）。通過問卷和實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)查的方式研究了污染如何對人的行為、心理及生理,并以馬拉松比賽為例探討了空氣污染對馬拉松選手成績的潛在影響。同時,為了了解毒性污染的深層機(jī)制,以魚作為模式生物,研究了農(nóng)藥和重金屬對魚的生理及多樣性兩個尺度的研究。為了拓寬體內(nèi)毒性標(biāo)志物的范圍,以鰱魚（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和南亞野鯪（Labeo rohita）為對象,探討了溴氰菊酯和馬拉硫磷對魚類生理的危害。然而,在野外條件下對重金屬的研究受到了現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中是由多種重金屬混合污染的影響。因?yàn)榛谌祟惡汪~類的研究,這篇論文大概分為兩個部分,第一部分由基于人類的研究構(gòu)成,第二部分由基于魚類的研究構(gòu)成。第一部分重點(diǎn)探討空氣污染對學(xué)生帶來的有害影響、空氣污染對馬拉松選手成績的影響和農(nóng)藥引起的化學(xué)污染對農(nóng)民的不利影響。第二部分重點(diǎn)探討農(nóng)藥和重金屬對不同種類的魚... 

【文章來源】：南京大學(xué)江蘇省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：234 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter 1: General Introduction
    1.1 Introduction
        1.1.1 Organization of the Study
        1.1.2 Hypothesis
        1.1.3 The Scope of the Study
        1.1.4 Aims and Objectives
    1.2 Chapter-wise Division of the Study
        1.2.1 Exposure to air pollution and associated self-reportedeffects on students
        1.2.2 Short-term impact of air pollutants on athletes:A casestudy on marathon runners from China
        1.2.3 Pesticides use, knowledge, risk perceptions, andeffects on farmers
        1.2.4 Multiple biomarkers based appraisal of deltamethrininduced toxicity in silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
        1.2.5 Malathion induced oxidative stress leads tohistopathological, hematological,and biochemicaltoxicity in rohu (Labeo rohita,Hamilton) at an acuteconcentration
        1.2.6 Effluents from hydropower projects lead to higher bio-accumulation of heavy metals and lowered fish biodiversity
        1.2.7 Accumulation and hematological and biochemicalprofile of Tor putitora as biomarkers of heavy metals pollution
Chapter 2: Exposure to air pollution and associated self-reportedeffects on students
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and Methods
        2.2.1 Ethical Statement
        2.2.2 Sampling and Study Area
        2.2.3 Statistical Analysis
    2.3 Results
    2.4 Discussion
Chapter 3: Short-term impacts of air pollutants on the performance ofathletes:A case study on marathon runners from China
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and Methods
        3.2.1 Collection of Marathon data
            3.2.1.1 Data Cleaning
        3.2.2 Weather and Air Quality Index Data
        3.2.3     Data analysis - Selection of Linear Mixed-Effects Model
    3.3 Results
    3.4 Discussion
Chapter 4: Pesticides use, knowledge, risk perceptions, and effects onfarmers
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and Methods
        4.2.1 Study Area
        4.2.2 Questionnaire-based Study
        4.2.3 Lab-based Studies-Hematology and Biochemistry
        4.2.4 Blood Sample Collection
        4.2.5 Enzymatic and Hormonal Profiling
        4.2.6 Hematological Parameters
        4.2.7 Biochemical Parameters
        4.2.8 Statistical Analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Questionnaire Analysis
        4.3.2 Lab-Based work Analysis
    4.4 Discussion
Chapter 5: Multiple biomarkers based appraisal of deltamethrininduced toxicity in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and Methods
        5.2.1 Test animal, acclimatization, and handling
        5.2.2 Test Chemical
        5.2.3 LC_(50) Determination
        5.2.4 Experimental Design
        5.2.5 Behavioral Study
        5.2.6 Hematology
        5.2.7 Biochemical Assays
            5.2.7.1 Reactive Oxygen Species
            5.2.7.2 Lipid Peroxidation
            5.2.7.3 Antioxidant Enzymes
            5.2.7.4 Total Protein Contents
            5.2.7.5 Blood Glucose
            5.2.7.6 Serum Biochemistry
            5.2.7.7 Acetylcholinesterase Assay
            5.2.7.8 Whole Body Cortisol
            5.2.7.9 DNA Damage
            5.2.7.10 Metabolic Enzymes
        5.2.8 Histomorphological Examination
        5.2.9 Statistical Analysis
    5.3 Results
    5.4 Discussion
Chapter 6: Malathion induced oxidative stress leads to histopathological,hematological, and biochemical toxicity in rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) at an acute concentration
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Materials and Methods
        6.2.1 Fish Handling and Acclimatization
        6.2.2 Experimental Design
        6.2.3 Test Chemical
        6.2.4 Determined LC_(50)
        6.2.5 Biochemical Analysis
        6.2.6 Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis
        6.2.7 Histomorphological Examination
        6.2.8 Hematology
        6.2.9 Serum Biochemistry
        6.2.10 Statistical Analysis
    6.3 Results
    6.4 Discussion
Chapter 7: Effluents from hydropower projects lead to higher bio-accumulation of heavy metals and lowered fish biodiversity
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 Materials and Methods
        7.2.1 Fish Sampling and Identification for Biodiversity Study
        7.2.2 Sampling Sites and Heavy Metals Detection
        7.2.3 Estimation of Heavy Metals in the Tissues
        7.2.4 Statistical Analysis
    7.3 Results
    7.4 Discussion
Chapter 8: Accumulation and hematological and biochemical profile ofTor putitora as biomarkers of heavy metals pollution
    8.1 Introduction
    8.2 Materials and Methods
        8.2.1 Sampling Sites and Fish Collection
        8.2.2 Estimation of Heavy Metals in the tissues of T. putitora
        8.2.3 Hematology and Serum Biochemistry
        8.2.4 Biochemical Studies
        8.2.5 Statistical Analysis
    8.3 Results
    8.4 Discussion
Chapter 9: Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Acknowledgements
Appendix A: Turnitin's Similarity Index Report (Front Page)
Appendix B: Curriculum Vitae


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期刊論文
[1]2006～2012年珠江三角洲地區(qū)O3污染對人群健康的影響[J]. 廖志恒,范紹佳.  中國環(huán)境科學(xué). 2015(03)
[2]SO2的危害及其流行病學(xué)與毒理學(xué)研究[J]. 劉玉香.  生態(tài)毒理學(xué)報(bào). 2007(02)
[3]Effect of malathion on the male reproductive organs of earthworms, Eisenia foetida[J]. Omar Espinoza-Navarro,Eduardo Bustos-Obregon.  Asian Journal of Andrology. 2005(01)



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