在世界范圍內(nèi),化肥已經(jīng)廣泛的應(yīng)用于農(nóng)作物的生產(chǎn),實(shí)行高產(chǎn)可持續(xù)型的小麥-玉米種植體系,進(jìn)而行之有效的提高和改良土壤養(yǎng)分及有機(jī)質(zhì)狀況對(duì)于維護(hù)未來糧食安全和改善生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能是不可或缺的。目前,在大多數(shù)類型的土壤中添加諸如作物秸稈和氮肥等有機(jī)和無機(jī)物料被認(rèn)為是發(fā)展可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要策略。本研究基于當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,于2015-2017年在西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)校內(nèi)試驗(yàn)田開展為期兩年的研究,試驗(yàn)采用再裂區(qū)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),主區(qū)為不同輪作制度（大豆-小麥輪作;玉米-小麥輪作;休閑-小麥輪作）,副區(qū)為3個(gè)秸稈還田水平（S1:秸稈不還田;S2:秸稈半量還田;S3:秸稈全量還田）,副副區(qū)為3個(gè)施氮水平（N1:不施氮;N2:80%常規(guī)施氮;N3:常規(guī)施氮）。本研究注重分析不同輪作模式下溫室氣體排放通量（CO₂和N₂O）、土壤酶活性（脲酶、堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、過氧化氫酶）、土壤理化性質(zhì)（土壤含水量、土壤溫度、土壤堿解氮AN、土壤速效磷AP）、土壤有機(jī)碳及其活性組分（土壤總有機(jī)碳SOC、可溶性有機(jī)碳DOC、易氧化有機(jī)碳LOC、顆粒性有機(jī)碳POC）以及包括凈光合速率及其特征、... 

【文章來源】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)陜西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：147 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Greenhouse gases
    1.2 Soil properties
        1.2.1 Soil biological activity
        1.2.2 Soil nutrients
        1.2.3 Soil carbon
        1.2.4 Soil organic carbon and its management indexes
    1.3 Crop physiology and Production
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    2.1 Experimental Site
    2.2 Experimental Design and Treatments
    2.3 Green House Gases emissions (GHGs) and soil physical properties
        2.3.1 Monitoring of CO_2 and N_2O gas emissions
    2.4 Soil sampling and analysis
        2.4.1 Soil enzymatic activity
    2.5 Soil chemical properties
        2.5.1 Soil nutrients
        2.5.2 Soil temperature and moisture measurements
        2.5.3 Soil organic carbon and carbon management indexes
    2.6 Plant Physiology
        2.6.1 Net Photosynthetic rate and SPAD value
        2.6.2 Crop growth rates and leaf area measurements
        2.6.3 Yield and yielding attributes
    2.7 Statistics
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS
    3.1 Greenhouse gases (soil CO_2 and N_2O)
        3.1.1 Soil CO_2 emission (Soybean-wheat rotation)
        3.1.2 Soil CO_2 emission (Maize-wheat rotation)
        3.1.3 Soil CO_2 emission (Fallow-wheat rotation)
        3.1.4 Soil N_2O emission (Soybean-wheat rotation)
        3.1.5 Soil N_2O emission (Maize-wheat)
        3.1.6 Soil N_2O emission (Fallow-wheat)
    3.2 Soil enzymes
        3.2.1 Soybean-wheat rotation
        3.2.2 Maize-wheat rotation
        3.2.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
    3.3 Soil nutrients, soil carbon and carbon management indexes
        3.3.1 Soybean- wheat rotation
        3.3.2 Maize-wheat rotation
        3.3.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
    3.4 Crop physiology, growth and crop productivity
        3.4.1 Soybean-wheat rotation
        3.4.2 Maize-wheat rotation
        3.4.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
        3.4.4 Relationship between soil enzymes and soil properties
        3.4.5 Greenhouse gases response with soil moisture and soil temperature
        3.4.6 Evaluation of GHGs, soil quality and crop productivity under different crop rotation
        3.4.7 Economic benefits
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION
    4.1 Straw mulch and nitrogen effect on Greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs)
        4.1.1 Soil CO_2 emissions
        4.1.2 Straw mulch and nitrogen effect on soil N_2O emission
    4.2 Soil enzymes
    4.3 Soil properties
        4.3.1 Changes in soil nutrients and moisture and temperature
        4.3.2 Soil carbon
    4.4 Physiology, crop growth and crop yield
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Author resume


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