外來(lái)入侵物種正在日益取代本地物種,尤其是在人為轉(zhuǎn)化或污染的棲息地中。這為我們提供了使用入侵物種作為生物污染評(píng)估指標(biāo)的可能性。然而,對(duì)于相同的焦點(diǎn)物種,綜合生物學(xué)評(píng)估還依賴(lài)于多種方法的應(yīng)用來(lái)量化它們對(duì)污染的生理或細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)反應(yīng)。當(dāng)物種被限制在受污染或未受污染的地點(diǎn)時(shí),這是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。本研究利用一小組新熱帶胎生魚(yú)類(lèi)（胎鳉科）對(duì)水質(zhì)進(jìn)行綜合生物學(xué)評(píng)估。通過(guò)比較巴西城市烏貝蘭迪亞城市及郊區(qū)受到工業(yè)和生活廢水不同程度污染的河流,證明了這個(gè)科的兩個(gè)成員可以作為評(píng)估水污染水平的指標(biāo)。在嚴(yán)重污染的地方,Phalloceros caudimacula tus似乎已被入侵孔雀魚(yú)（Poecilia reticulata）所取代。盡管如此,本研究證明這兩種物種都可以用于評(píng)估重金屬（鉛,銅和鉻）的生物積累性。環(huán)境（沉積物）濃度預(yù)測(cè)了物種間體細(xì)胞組織中的濃度（R2值介于0.74和0.96之間）。此外,使用細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)方法估算了水污染的遺傳毒性作用,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了污染水平（多個(gè)變量,壓縮為主成分）用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)物種間核異常的發(fā)生（例如,微核細(xì)胞的頻率）R2在0.69和0.83之間)。在城市和受污染的環(huán)境中都會(huì)出現(xiàn)的胎鳉魚(yú),使這... 

【文章來(lái)源】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)陜西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：59 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1 LITERATURE REVIEW
    1.1 Biological assessments of water quality
    1.2 Invasive species
    1.3 The invasive guppy（P.reticulata）
2 INTRODUCTION
3 METHODS
    3.1Study sites
    3.2 Assessment of fish communities
    3.3 Assessment of water pollution
        3.3.1 Heavy metal content in sediments
        3.3.2 Water quality analyses
        3.3.3 Biological Monitoring Working Party（BMWP）index
        3.3.4 Acute toxicity tests
    3.4 Assessment of bioaccumulation and genotoxic effects
        3.4.1 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in somatic tissues
        3.4.2 Genotoxicity:nuclear abnormalities in somatic cells
4 STATISTICAL ANALYSES
    4.1 Effect of pollution on fish communities
    4.2 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in P.reticulata and P.audimaculatus
    4.3 Effects of pollution on nuclear abnormalities in somatic cells
5 RESULTS
    5.1 Ecological and Pollution-Related Predictors of Fish Community Structures
        5.1.1 Characterization of water pollution across study sites
        5.1.2 Effect of pollution on fish communities
        5.1.3 Acute toxicity tests
        5.1.4 Post-hoc comparisons of sites harboring P.reticulata or P.caudimaculatus
    5.2 Assessment of Bioaccumulation and Genotoxic Effects
        5.2.1 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in somatic tissues
        5.2.2 Effects of pollution on nuclear abnormalities in somatic cells
6 DISCUSSION
    6.1 Using poeciliid fishes as bioindicators of diffuse water pollution
    6.2 Using poeciliid fishes for the assessment of gradual variation in water pollution
7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR



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