大氣顆粒物成分復(fù)雜,其中水在顆粒物參與的大氣非均相化學(xué)反應(yīng)中起著重要作用,也影響大氣顆粒物質(zhì)量濃度,消光能力和大氣能見度。在中國近年來頻繁出現(xiàn)的霾污染過程中,顆粒物中的水分同PM2.5質(zhì)量濃度的快速上升密切相關(guān)。另外,大氣顆粒物中微生物組分種類豐富,對(duì)人體健康和大氣物理化學(xué)過程有重要影響。典型城市的觀測發(fā)現(xiàn)霾污染時(shí)部分致病微生物含量顯著增加。大氣顆粒物的水含量可能會(huì)有助于微生物的滋生。目前缺乏在線測量大氣顆粒物水含量和微生物組分的方法和技術(shù)。本論文開發(fā)了一臺(tái)在線測量大氣顆粒物水含量的儀器設(shè)備,具有快速響應(yīng)且可持續(xù)運(yùn)行等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。同時(shí),基于探測生物熒光的新技術(shù),建立了城市大氣中活性微生物豐度的方法。并在北京冬季清潔和霾污染期間進(jìn)行了外場觀測,揭示了大氣顆粒物水含量和大氣微生物豐度變化特征,并分析了其影響因素。研究結(jié)果對(duì)于理解大氣非均相化學(xué)過程和大氣生物氣溶膠具有重要意義。論文開發(fā)了一套測量除水前后大氣顆粒物粒徑分布的系統(tǒng),結(jié)合軟件開發(fā)和數(shù)據(jù)反演,實(shí)現(xiàn)了大氣顆粒物水含量的實(shí)時(shí)在線測量。通過測量實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)生的氯化鈉氣溶膠含水量,發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)測含水量同理論含水量有較好的一致性。在北京冬季清潔和霾污染期間進(jìn)... 

【文章來源】：清華大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：141 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapterl INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Air quality in China
        1.1.1 Current Air Quality Status
        1.1.2 Particulate Matter in Beijing
    1.2 Aerosol Liquid Water Content （ALWC）
        1.2.1 ALWC Measurements
        1.2.2 Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analysers
        1.2.3 Hygroscopicity and ALWC Measurements in China
        1.2.4 The Dry-Ambient Aerosol Size Spectrometer （DAASS）
    1.3 Atmospheric bioaerosol
        1.3.1 Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Nucleation Processes
        1.3.2 Bioaerosol Measurements
    1.4 Research Questions and Motivation
    1.5 Research Framework
Chapter2 METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
    2.1 DAASS Development
        2.1.1 DAASS Hardware and operation
        2.1.2 DAASS Software
        2.1.3 ALWC calculation
        2.1.4 Calibration Procedure
        2.1.5 Related uncertainties with DAASS
    2.2 Waveband Integrated Bioaerosol Sampler
        2.2.1 WIBS-4a hardware
        2.2.2 WIBS-4a Software
        2.2.3 Uncertainties related to WIBS-4a
    2.3 Chapter Summary
Chapter3 MEASUREMENT OF AMBIENT ALWC IN BEIJING
    3.1 Methodology
        3.1.1 Field measurement
        3.1.2 Aerosol chemical composition and acidic ratio
        3.1.3 Modeled ALWC and metheorology parameters
    3.2 Pollution characteristics during the sampling period
        3.2.1 Selection of periods of study
        3.2.2 Deconvolution of aerosol organic fraction
    3.3 Aerosol efflorescence behaviour and measured liquid water
        3.3.1 The impact of aerosol acidity on water uptake
        3.3.2 The effects of water content on particle concentration and composition
        3.3.3 DAASS measured water and ISORROPIA estimations
    3.4 Chapter summary
Chapter4 MEASUREMENT OF FBAP IN BEIJING
    4.1 Bioaerosol in modern megacities
    4.2 Methodology
        4.2.1 Field Measurement
        4.2.2 Aerosol Water content determination
    4.3 Atmospheric conditions during the sampling period
    4.4 Bioaerosol characteristics
        4.4.1 WIBS-4a particle size distribution and number concentration
        4.4.2 Asymmetry factors of ambient particles
    4.5 Correlation between FBAP and atmospheric conditions
        4.5.1 Correlation of FBAP with particle and gas chemical composition
        4.5.2 Correlation of FBAP with humidity and aerosol water content
    4.6 Chapter Summary
Chapter5 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS
    5.1 Main Conclusions
    5.2 Innovations
    5.3 Deficiencies and Prospects
References
Acknowledgements
Appendix A Developed hardware and software for the study of aerosol water contentand fluorescent bioaerosol
    A.1 DAASS Structure
    A.2 DAASS Algorithm
        A.2.1 DataBox, ACSM Import, Isorropia calculation
    A.3 WIBS-4a Algorithm
    A.4 Additional Asymmetry Factors of Particle groups
個(gè)人簡歷、在學(xué)期間發(fā)表的學(xué)術(shù)論文與研究成果


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Microbial aerosol characteristics in highly polluted and nearpristine environments featuring different climatic conditions[J]. Kai Wei,Yunhao Zheng,Jing Li,Fangxia Shen,Zhuanglei Zou,Hanqing Fan,Xinyue Li,Chang-yu Wu,Maosheng Yao.  Science Bulletin. 2015(16)
[2]北京市PM2.5主要化學(xué)組分濃度水平研究與特征分析[J]. 劉保獻(xiàn),張大偉,陳添,楊懂艷,楊柳,常淼,林安國.  環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 2015(12)



本文編號(hào)：3126015