近年來,國外已經(jīng)開始關(guān)注藥品和個(gè)人護(hù)理用品（PPCPs）對(duì)環(huán)境的污染,但在我國還沒有引起廣泛重視。國外的研究表明,合成麝香物質(zhì)、顯影劑、抗生素、雌激素、消炎止痛藥、殺菌消毒劑等與人類生活密切相關(guān)的藥品和個(gè)人護(hù)理用品在環(huán)境中普遍存在,但是其質(zhì)量濃度通常非常低,多數(shù)情況下在ng L-1-μg L-1水平。糞便施肥和污水排放是PPCPs進(jìn)入環(huán)境的主要途徑。目前關(guān)于PPCPs的研究主要集中在分析方法以及環(huán)境污染水平的調(diào)查,有關(guān)PPCPs在環(huán)境中的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律、生態(tài)與健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及PPCPs污染控制技術(shù)等方面的研究有待加強(qiáng)。Parabens一組防腐劑,其廣泛應(yīng)用于化妝品,食品和醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品等,屬于PPCPs的一種。常用的包括methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben和benzyl paraben。這些化合物具有廣譜抗菌活性。然而,許多制造商正在減少使用parabens,因?yàn)樵絹碓蕉嗟淖C據(jù)表明,parabens具有雌激素活性。研究人員報(bào)告說,parabens在乳腺癌組織中和癌變皮膚中被檢測(cè)到,這使得制造行業(yè)開始銳減parabe... 

【文章來源】：武漢大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：221 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Chapter 1 Bibliography Study
    1.1 Aqueous Environmental Pollution
    1.2 Advanced Oxidation Processes （AOPs）
    1.3 Semiconductor Photocatalysis
2） Propriety">    1.4 Titanium Dioxide （TiO₂） Propriety
2 Photocatalysis">    1.5 TiO₂ Photocatalysis
    1.6 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products （PPCPs）
    1.7 Parabens
    Reference
2: Multivariable experimental design and mechanism">Chapter 2 Photocatalytic degradation of methyl paraben by TiO₂: Multivariable experimental design and mechanism
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Materials and reagents
        2.2.2 Photoreactor and light source
        2.2.3 Experimental procedure
        2.2.4 Analytical procedures
            2.2.4.1 High performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector
            2.2.4.2 Solid-phase extraction
            2.2.4.3 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
            2.2.4.4 Total organic carbon analysis
            2.2.4.5. Experimental design data analysis
    2.3 Results and discussion
        2.3.1 Preliminary experiments
        2.3.2. Degradation kinetics
        2.3.3 Experimental design
            2.3.3.1 Choosing factors and response
            2.3.3.2 Central composite design
            2.3.3.3 Standardized Pareto chart
        2.3.4 Main Effect Plots
            2.3.4.1 pH Value
            2.3.4.2 Light Flux
            2.3.4.3 Oxygen Concentration
2 loading">            2.3.4.4. TiO₂ loading
        2.3.5 Contour Diagrams and Optimal Condition
        2.3.6 Model Validation and Confirmation
        2.3.7 Photocatalysis Intermediates and Pathway
        2.3.8 Mineralization
    2.4 Conclusions
    Acknowledgements
    References
2 Photocatalysis">Chapter 3 Degradation of Ethyl paraben in Aqueous Solution by TiO₂ Photocatalysis
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and Methods
        3.2.1 Materials and Reagents
        3.2.2 Photo Reactor and Light Source
        3.2.3 Experimental Procedure
        3.2.4 Analytical Procedures
            3.2.4.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector
            3.2.4.2 Total Organic Carbon Analysis
    3.3 Results and Discussion
        3.3.1 Preliminary Experiments
        3.3.2 Degradation Kinetics
        3.3.3 Effects of Parameters
            3.3.3.1 Initial pH Values
2 Dosage">            3.3.3.2 TiO₂ Dosage
            3.3.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
            3.3.3.4 Initial Ethyl Paraben Concentration
            3.3.3.5 Light Intensity
    3.4 Mineralization
    3.5 Conclusion
    References
2 Photocatalysis">Chapter 4 Degradation of Propyl Paraben in Aqueous Solution by T TiO₂ Photocatalysis
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and Methods
        4.2.1 Materials and Reagents
        4.2.2 Photo Reactor and Light Source
        4.2.3 Experimental Procedure
        4.2.4 Analytical Procedures
            4.2.4.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector
            4.2.4.2 Solid-Phase Extraction
            4.2.4.3 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
            4.2.4.4 Total Organic Carbon Analysis
    4.3 Results and Discussion
        4.3.1 Preliminary Experiments
        4.3.2 Degradation Kinetics
        4.3.3 Effects of Parameters
            4.3.3.1 Initial pH Values
2 Dosage">            4.3.3.2 TiO₂ Dosage
            4.3.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
            4.3.3.4 Initial Propyl Paraben Concentration
            4.3.3.5 Light Intensity
    4.4 Intermediates and Products of Photocatalysis
    4.5 Mineralization
    4.6 Conclusion
    References
2 Photocatalysis">Chapter 5 Degradation of Butyl paraben in Aqueous Solution by TiO₂ Photocatalysis
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and Methods
        5.2.1 Materials and Reagents
        5.2.2 Photo Reactor and Light Source
        5.2.3 Experimental Procedure
        5.2.4 Analytical Procedures
            5.2.4.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector
            5.2.4.2 Total Organic Carbon Analysis
    5.3 Results and Discussion
        5.3.1 Preliminary Experiments
        5.3.2 Degradation Kinetics
        5.3.3 Effects of Parameters
            5.3.3.1 Initial pH Values
2 Dosage">            5.3.3.2 TiO₂ Dosage
            5.3.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
            5.3.3.4 Initial Butyl Paraben Concentration
            5.3.3.5 Light Intensity
    5.4 Mineralization
    5.5 Conclusion
    References
Chapter 6 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Benzyl paraben by Titanium Dioxide under UV Irradiation
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Materials and Methods
        6.2.1 Materials and Reagents
        6.2.2 Photo Reactor and Light Source
        6.2.3 Experimental Procedure
        6.2.4 Analytical Procedures
            6.2.4.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector
            6.2.4.2 Solid-Phase Extraction
            6.2.4.3 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
            6.2.4.4 Total Organic Carbon Analysis
    6.3 Results and Discussion
        6.3.1 Preliminary Experiments
        6.3.2 Degradation Kinetics
        6.3.3 Effects of Parameters
            6.3.3.1 Initial pH Values
2 Dosage">            6.3.3.2 TiO₂ Dosage
            6.3.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
            6.3.3.4 Initial Benzyl Paraben Concentration
            6.3.3.5 Light Intensity
    6.4 Intermediates and Products of Photocatalysis
    6.5 Mineralization
    6.6 Conclusion
    References
Chapter 7 General Conclusion
List of Figures
List of Tables
Paper Published



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