天山北坡表層土壤及農(nóng)作物重金屬污染研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-01 20:27
【摘要】：隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,新疆的工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)都得到了飛速的發(fā)展。然而,工業(yè)的發(fā)展和農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化不可避免的會(huì)造成周圍環(huán)境的污染。農(nóng)業(yè)是新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)的第一產(chǎn)業(yè),保障土壤的安全才能保證農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的安全,從而保障人們的安全。重金屬是最難降解也是最常見的土壤污染物。本研究選擇新疆的昌吉回族自治州以及烏魯木齊市作為研究區(qū)域。對研究區(qū)表層土壤中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg的含量和土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了測定,并研究區(qū)重金屬污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度進(jìn)行了評估。此外對重金屬污染來源采用數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行了解析,對當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)作物進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)牟蓸硬⒎治隽酥亟饘俚姆植家约稗D(zhuǎn)移規(guī)律。主要得出了如下結(jié)論:天山北坡的表層土壤呈堿性,肥力低,含水量較低,呈現(xiàn)出干旱區(qū)鹽堿地的特點(diǎn)。Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg的平均含量分別為1.27、14.55、44.63、33.79、22.96、7.95和63.37 mg·kg-1和0.10 mg·kg-1。Cd、Cu和Hg都已超過新疆的背景值,Cd甚至已超過國家二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Co、Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn受到人類活動(dòng)的影響較小,而Cd、Cu和Hg受到人類活動(dòng)的影響較大。重金屬Cd含量高的地方主要集中烏魯木齊達(dá)坂城區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)和阜康的煤礦等小型工業(yè)區(qū),Hg含量高的地方主要集中在煤礦和工業(yè)區(qū)周圍,Pb主要集中在人口密度大交通發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)以及煤礦周邊。Co、Cr、Ni和Zn的空間分布較為相似,含量高的地方集中在研究區(qū)礦場、景區(qū)和工業(yè)區(qū)。Cu含量高的位置集中在幾個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)比較發(fā)達(dá)的位置。變異系數(shù)表明研究區(qū)的重金屬可能受到人類活動(dòng)的影響。以新疆土壤背景值作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對土壤進(jìn)行重金屬污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度評價(jià)。富集系數(shù)顯示,Pb和Ni處于無富集狀態(tài),Co、Cr、Cu、和Zn處于輕微富集狀態(tài),Cd和Hg均處于顯著富集的狀態(tài)。地積累指數(shù)顯示,Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn處于無污染的狀態(tài),Cd為3級中度-強(qiáng)度污染狀態(tài),Hg為2級中度污染狀態(tài),Cu有66.1%處于無污染狀態(tài),33.9%處于輕度-中度污染狀態(tài)。Cd和Hg的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都很高是綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的主要貢獻(xiàn)因子。天山北坡綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)總體很高,有19.8%的樣點(diǎn)有中等程度潛的在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),30.5%的樣點(diǎn)有較高的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng),49.3%的樣點(diǎn)有很高的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究區(qū)土壤主要可分為三類,第一類樣點(diǎn)主要集中在農(nóng)田區(qū)域且受到Cu污染,;第二類樣品主要集中在旅游區(qū)和工業(yè)區(qū)受到Hg和Cd的污染嚴(yán)重;第三類樣品集中交通發(fā)達(dá)、工業(yè)也較多的地區(qū)Hg和Cd的污染也都很嚴(yán)重。重金屬間的主成分分析和相關(guān)性分析進(jìn)行綜合得出Co、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn來源相同為第一主成分(PC1),Cd和Hg來源相同為第二主成分(PC2),Pb為第三主成分(PC3),8種重金屬元素所涵蓋的信息基本上都可以由三個(gè)主成分解釋。通過熵值法計(jì)算不同主成分PCi(i=1、2、3),并分析不同的主成分的空間分布得出,Co、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn來源農(nóng)業(yè)化合物和有機(jī)肥;Hg和Cd主要來源于工業(yè)和生活垃圾,可能具有通過河流污水灌溉傳播的趨勢;Pb主要來源與工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和汽車尾氣的排放。棉花和玉米對重金屬都不具備超富集能力,棉花對重金屬的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力基本上比玉米強(qiáng);棉花和玉米葉子對微量元素Cu、Zn的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力及富集能力強(qiáng)于其他部位;棉花和玉米的根對Cd、Co、Pb的富集能力強(qiáng)于其他的組織;棉花的根和莖對Cd和Pb的吸收具有協(xié)同作用,玉米根莖對Cd、Zn和Pb的吸收都具有協(xié)同作用;不同農(nóng)作物之間以及不同組織間的重金屬組成差別很大。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the western development strategy, the industry and agriculture in Xinjiang have been developed rapidly. However, the development of industry and the modernization of agriculture will inevitably lead to the pollution of the surrounding environment. Agriculture is the first industry in the Xinjiang economy, and the safety of the soil can be guaranteed in order to guarantee the safety of the agricultural products. Heavy metals are the most difficult to degrade and are the most common soil contaminants. This study selected the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang and the Urumqi City as the research area. The contents of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg in the surface soil of the study area and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were measured, and the risk degree of heavy metal pollution in the study area was evaluated. In addition, the method of heavy metal pollution is analyzed, the local crop is sampled and the distribution of heavy metals and the transfer rule are analyzed. The main results are as follows: the surface soil of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is alkaline, the fertility is low, the water content is low, and the characteristics of the saline-alkali land in the arid area are presented. The average content of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg is 1.27, 14.55, 44.63, 33.79, 22.96, 7.95 and 63.37 mg 路 kg-1 and 0.10 mg 路 kg-1.Cd, Cu and Hg have exceeded the background value of Xinjiang, and Cd has even exceeded the national secondary standard. Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn are less affected by human activity, and Cd, Cu and Hg are affected by human activity. The place where the content of heavy metal Cd is high is mainly in the small industrial areas such as the agricultural area of the Daqingcheng District of Urumqi and the coal mine of Fukang, where the content of Hg is mainly concentrated around the coal mine and the industrial area, and the Pb is mainly concentrated in areas with high population density and large traffic and the periphery of the coal mine. The spatial distribution of Co, Cr, Ni and Zn is similar and the content of Co, Cr, Ni and Zn is concentrated in the field, scenic area and industrial area of the research area. The location of high Cu content is in a relatively developed position in several agricultural production. The coefficient of variation indicates that the heavy metals in the study area may be affected by human activity. The risk degree of heavy metal pollution was evaluated in the soil background of Xinjiang as the standard. The enrichment factor shows that Pb and Ni are in an unenriched state, and the Co, Cr, Cu, and Zn are in a slightly enriched state, and both Cd and Hg are in a state of significant enrichment. The accumulation index shows that Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are in a pollution-free state, Cd is 3-grade moderate-intensity pollution, Hg is 2-grade moderate pollution, Cu has 66.1% in pollution-free state, and 33.9% is in mild-moderate pollution state. The potential ecological risk of Cd and Hg is very high, which is the main contribution factor of the comprehensive potential ecological risk. The comprehensive potential ecological risk of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is very high. There are 19.8% of the samples with medium-level latent ecological risk, 30.5% of the samples have high potential ecological wind, and 49.3% of the spots have a high potential ecological risk. The soil in the study area can be divided into three types, the first type of sample is mainly concentrated in the farmland area and is polluted by Cu, the second type of sample is mainly concentrated in the tourist area and the industrial area, and the pollution of Hg and Cd is serious; the third type of sample is concentrated in traffic, The pollution of Hg and Cd in the industry is also very serious. Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn sources are the same as the first main component (PC1), and the source of Cd and Hg is the same as the second main component (PC2). Pb is the third main component (PC3), and the information covered by the 8 heavy metal elements can be basically explained by the three principal components. The different principal components, PCi (i = 1,2,3), are calculated by the entropy method, and the spatial distribution of different principal components is analyzed to obtain the agricultural compound and the organic fertilizer from the sources of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn; the Hg and Cd are mainly from the industrial and domestic wastes, and may have the tendency to spread through the river sewage irrigation; The main source of Pb is the emission of industrial production and automobile exhaust. the cotton and the corn do not have the super-enrichment capacity for heavy metal, the transport capacity of the cotton to the heavy metal is substantially higher than that of the corn, the transport capacity and the enrichment ability of the cotton and the corn leaves on the trace elements Cu and Zn are stronger than other parts, and the root of the cotton and the corn is Cd and Co, The concentration of Pb is stronger than that of other tissues; the roots and stems of cotton have a synergistic effect on the absorption of Cd and Pb, and the absorption of Cd, Zn and Pb by the rhizomes of the corn has a synergistic effect; and the heavy metal composition among different crops and between different tissues is very different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X173
本文編號：2490557
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the western development strategy, the industry and agriculture in Xinjiang have been developed rapidly. However, the development of industry and the modernization of agriculture will inevitably lead to the pollution of the surrounding environment. Agriculture is the first industry in the Xinjiang economy, and the safety of the soil can be guaranteed in order to guarantee the safety of the agricultural products. Heavy metals are the most difficult to degrade and are the most common soil contaminants. This study selected the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang and the Urumqi City as the research area. The contents of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg in the surface soil of the study area and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were measured, and the risk degree of heavy metal pollution in the study area was evaluated. In addition, the method of heavy metal pollution is analyzed, the local crop is sampled and the distribution of heavy metals and the transfer rule are analyzed. The main results are as follows: the surface soil of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is alkaline, the fertility is low, the water content is low, and the characteristics of the saline-alkali land in the arid area are presented. The average content of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg is 1.27, 14.55, 44.63, 33.79, 22.96, 7.95 and 63.37 mg 路 kg-1 and 0.10 mg 路 kg-1.Cd, Cu and Hg have exceeded the background value of Xinjiang, and Cd has even exceeded the national secondary standard. Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn are less affected by human activity, and Cd, Cu and Hg are affected by human activity. The place where the content of heavy metal Cd is high is mainly in the small industrial areas such as the agricultural area of the Daqingcheng District of Urumqi and the coal mine of Fukang, where the content of Hg is mainly concentrated around the coal mine and the industrial area, and the Pb is mainly concentrated in areas with high population density and large traffic and the periphery of the coal mine. The spatial distribution of Co, Cr, Ni and Zn is similar and the content of Co, Cr, Ni and Zn is concentrated in the field, scenic area and industrial area of the research area. The location of high Cu content is in a relatively developed position in several agricultural production. The coefficient of variation indicates that the heavy metals in the study area may be affected by human activity. The risk degree of heavy metal pollution was evaluated in the soil background of Xinjiang as the standard. The enrichment factor shows that Pb and Ni are in an unenriched state, and the Co, Cr, Cu, and Zn are in a slightly enriched state, and both Cd and Hg are in a state of significant enrichment. The accumulation index shows that Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are in a pollution-free state, Cd is 3-grade moderate-intensity pollution, Hg is 2-grade moderate pollution, Cu has 66.1% in pollution-free state, and 33.9% is in mild-moderate pollution state. The potential ecological risk of Cd and Hg is very high, which is the main contribution factor of the comprehensive potential ecological risk. The comprehensive potential ecological risk of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is very high. There are 19.8% of the samples with medium-level latent ecological risk, 30.5% of the samples have high potential ecological wind, and 49.3% of the spots have a high potential ecological risk. The soil in the study area can be divided into three types, the first type of sample is mainly concentrated in the farmland area and is polluted by Cu, the second type of sample is mainly concentrated in the tourist area and the industrial area, and the pollution of Hg and Cd is serious; the third type of sample is concentrated in traffic, The pollution of Hg and Cd in the industry is also very serious. Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn sources are the same as the first main component (PC1), and the source of Cd and Hg is the same as the second main component (PC2). Pb is the third main component (PC3), and the information covered by the 8 heavy metal elements can be basically explained by the three principal components. The different principal components, PCi (i = 1,2,3), are calculated by the entropy method, and the spatial distribution of different principal components is analyzed to obtain the agricultural compound and the organic fertilizer from the sources of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn; the Hg and Cd are mainly from the industrial and domestic wastes, and may have the tendency to spread through the river sewage irrigation; The main source of Pb is the emission of industrial production and automobile exhaust. the cotton and the corn do not have the super-enrichment capacity for heavy metal, the transport capacity of the cotton to the heavy metal is substantially higher than that of the corn, the transport capacity and the enrichment ability of the cotton and the corn leaves on the trace elements Cu and Zn are stronger than other parts, and the root of the cotton and the corn is Cd and Co, The concentration of Pb is stronger than that of other tissues; the roots and stems of cotton have a synergistic effect on the absorption of Cd and Pb, and the absorption of Cd, Zn and Pb by the rhizomes of the corn has a synergistic effect; and the heavy metal composition among different crops and between different tissues is very different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X173
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