【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟社會快速發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程加快,污水排放量及污泥處理量逐年增多。污泥作為污水處理的副產(chǎn)物,富集了大量的重金屬、致病菌、有機污染物等毒害物質(zhì),若不對其進(jìn)行有效的處理處置,將對生態(tài)環(huán)境和動植物產(chǎn)生危害。污泥具有體量大、來源廣、含水率高等特點,處理處置的關(guān)鍵在于降低其含水率。對污泥進(jìn)行干燥是實現(xiàn)污泥無害化、穩(wěn)定化、資源化目標(biāo)的有效手段,污泥經(jīng)干燥后減容顯著,性狀得到改善,有多重資源化利用途徑。污泥干燥過程中的膠粘性是影響污泥干燥效果的主要因素之一,具體表現(xiàn)為污泥自身的粘結(jié)以及與干燥設(shè)備壁面粘附。干燥過程的膠粘性是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果,主要包括有機物、含水率、干燥溫度和加熱方式等。解決污泥干燥膠粘性的技術(shù)方案眾多,可通過調(diào)理劑預(yù)處理破壞污泥的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),改變污泥水分的分布形式,以及設(shè)計相關(guān)的干燥工藝與設(shè)備,主要包括加熱面陰極化、電滲透脫水預(yù)處理、干料返混工藝和自清式轉(zhuǎn)軸等。為實現(xiàn)污泥高效節(jié)能干燥,采用過熱蒸汽為干燥介質(zhì),結(jié)合攪拌干燥的優(yōu)點,設(shè)計了污泥過熱蒸汽攪拌干燥機。首先,介紹了干燥機設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)和設(shè)計要求,在此基礎(chǔ)上做了總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計;其次,設(shè)計了攪拌軸組件,包括葉片安裝角的分析、攪拌軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與校核、雙攪拌軸組件與單攪拌軸組件的對比分析及選擇;第三,對攪拌機的殼體、聯(lián)接裝置等結(jié)構(gòu)與功能進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計,包括筒體、上蓋、支撐件、端板、進(jìn)出氣口及軸端密封裝置;最后,做了軸承配置的分析與選型,傳動裝置類型的選擇與設(shè)計。綜合考慮污泥的干燥速率、能量利用率、污泥膠粘特性及尾氣處理等因素,設(shè)計了污泥兩級聯(lián)合干燥系統(tǒng),主要由蒸汽發(fā)生器、溫控系統(tǒng)、污泥進(jìn)料裝置、攪拌干燥機、雙螺桿擠壓機、逆流裝置、換熱器、網(wǎng)帶式干燥機和尾氣洗滌塔等組成。闡述了污泥兩級聯(lián)合干燥的流程和系統(tǒng)中各個部分的功能。在一級干燥系統(tǒng)中,污泥被攪拌干燥至較低含水率后送入雙螺桿擠壓機制成顆粒,部分乏汽輸送至換熱器;在二級干燥系統(tǒng)中,污泥顆粒在逆流裝置中與干污泥粉末接觸吸附,形成的污泥顆粒內(nèi)濕外干,避免污泥粘結(jié)與粘附,換熱器中形成的熱風(fēng)對輸送至網(wǎng)帶式干燥機的污泥顆粒進(jìn)行低溫干燥,降低污泥含水率,換熱器和二級干燥系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生的尾氣通入尾氣洗滌塔處理后排放。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society and the acceleration of urbanization in China, sewage discharge and sludge treatment capacity are increasing year by year. As a by-product of sewage treatment, sludge is enriched in a large number of heavy metals, pathogenic bacteria, organic pollutants and other toxic substances. If it is not effectively treated and disposed of, it will cause harm to the ecological environment and animals and plants. Sludge has the characteristics of large volume, wide source and high moisture content. The key to treatment and disposal is to reduce its moisture content. Sludge drying is an effective means to realize the goal of innocuity, stabilization and resource utilization of sludge. After drying, the capacity of sludge is significantly reduced, the characteristics are improved, and there are multiple ways of resource utilization. The stickiness in the process of sludge drying is one of the main factors affecting the drying effect of sludge, which is manifested in the bonding of sludge itself and the adhesion to the wall of drying equipment. The stickiness of drying process is the result of many factors, including organic matter, moisture content, drying temperature and heating mode. There are many technical schemes to solve the stickiness of sludge drying adhesive. The internal structure of sludge can be destroyed by conditioning agent pretreatment, the distribution form of sludge moisture can be changed, and the related drying processes and equipment can be designed, including negative polarization of heating surface. Electroosmotic dehydration pretreatment, dry material backmixing process and self-cleaning shaft, etc. In order to realize high efficiency and energy saving drying of sludge, a sludge superheated steam stirring dryer was designed by using superheated steam as drying medium and combining with the advantages of stirring drying. First of all, the basic parameters and design requirements of dryer design are introduced, on the basis of which the overall structure design is made. Secondly, the mixing shaft assembly is designed, including the analysis of blade installation angle, the structure design and check of mixing shaft, the comparative analysis and selection of double mixing shaft assembly and single mixing shaft assembly. Thirdly, the structure and function of mixer shell and connection device are analyzed and designed, including cylinder, upper cover, support, end plate, inlet and exit air port and shaft end sealing device. Finally, the analysis and selection of bearing configuration, the selection and design of transmission type are done. Considering the drying rate of sludge, energy utilization rate, sludge adhesive characteristics and tail gas treatment, a two-stage combined sludge drying system was designed, which was mainly composed of steam generator, temperature control system, sludge feed device and mixing dryer. Twin screw extruder, countercurrent device, heat exchanger, net belt dryer and tail gas washing tower. The process of two-stage joint drying of sludge and the functions of each part of the system are described. In the primary drying system, the sludge is stirred and dried to a lower moisture content and sent to the twin-screw extrusion mechanism to form particles, and some of the steam is transported to the heat exchanger. In the secondary drying system, the sludge particles are adsorbed in contact with the dry sludge powder in the countercurrent device, and the sludge particles are wet and dry inside and outside, so as to avoid the bonding and adhesion of the sludge. The hot air formed in the heat exchanger dries the sludge particles transported to the net belt dryer at low temperature, reduces the moisture content of the sludge, and emits the tail gas from the heat exchanger and the secondary drying system after being treated with the tail gas washing tower.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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