【摘要】：重金屬?gòu)V泛存在于自然環(huán)境中,且普遍具有較強(qiáng)的生物毒性效應(yīng)。燃煤電站是重金屬的重要排放源之一。燃煤電站副產(chǎn)物的排放量逐年增加,其資源化利用也越來越受到重視。在資源化利用的過程中由于重金屬的再釋放會(huì)造成重金屬的二次污染。因此,開展燃煤電站固廢中重金屬分析研究對(duì)進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià)電廠固廢二次利用過程中重金屬的環(huán)境毒性效應(yīng)和遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律具有十分重要的意義。本文通過HNO_3-HF消解體系對(duì)11家燃煤電站的入爐煤、粉煤灰、爐渣和石膏樣品中砷的含量進(jìn)行了測(cè)定。結(jié)果表明,煤中砷含量為2.5-8.0μg/g;粉煤灰中9.39-93.91μg/g;爐渣中2.3-19.7μg/g;脫硫石膏中1.0-3.0μg/g。通過相關(guān)性分析得知脫硫石膏中的砷主要來源于脫硫系統(tǒng)對(duì)粉煤灰的吸附和吸收。此外,燃煤電站副產(chǎn)物中砷的溶出率較低,但仍具有一定的二次污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為了進(jìn)一步研究固廢中砷和汞的存在形態(tài),建立了液相色譜-氫化物發(fā)生-原子熒光光譜在線連用分析系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)快速、穩(wěn)定、準(zhǔn)確。使用該分析系統(tǒng)測(cè)定了脫離石膏中可溶態(tài)砷的賦存形態(tài)。結(jié)果表明,脫硫石膏中可溶態(tài)砷主要以毒性較強(qiáng)的As(III)形式存在。為了測(cè)定石膏中汞的存在形態(tài),建立了高溫?zé)峤?原子熒光光譜連用分析系統(tǒng)�？疾炝瞬煌螒B(tài)汞化合物的熱解溫度,熱解溫度由低到高依次是HgCl2,黑色HgS,HgO,紅色HgS,HgSO4。此外,通過程序升溫分離測(cè)定了多個(gè)脫硫石膏樣品中的汞形態(tài),結(jié)果顯示,脫硫石膏樣品中的汞主要以HgS和HgO的形式存在。
[Abstract]:Heavy metals exist widely in natural environment and have strong biotoxic effects. Coal-fired power station is one of the important sources of heavy metal emission. The emission of by-products from coal-fired power stations increases year by year, and its resource utilization has been paid more and more attention. The secondary pollution of heavy metals will be caused by the re-release of heavy metals in the process of resource utilization. Therefore, the analysis of heavy metals in solid waste of coal-fired power plants is of great significance to further evaluate the environmental toxic effects and migration and transformation laws of heavy metals in the secondary utilization of solid waste of coal-fired power plants. The contents of arsenic in coal, fly ash, slag and gypsum samples from 11 coal-fired power stations were determined by HNO_3-HF digestion system. The results show that the arsenic content in coal is 2.5-8.0 渭 g / g, 9.39-93.91 渭 g / g in fly ash, 2.3-19.7 渭 g / g in slag and 1.0-3.0 渭 g / g in desulphurization gypsum. The correlation analysis shows that arsenic in desulphurization gypsum mainly comes from the adsorption and absorption of fly ash by desulphurization system. In addition, the dissolution rate of arsenic in by-products from coal-fired power stations is relatively low, but there is still a certain secondary pollution risk in order to further study the forms of arsenic and mercury in solid waste. An on-line analytical system for liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) was established. The system is fast, stable and accurate. The speciation of soluble arsenic in dissociated gypsum has been determined by this analytical system. The results show that the soluble arsenic in desulphurization gypsum is mainly in the form of As (III) with strong toxicity. In order to determine the mercury species in gypsum, a high temperature pyrolysis-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) analysis system was established. The pyrolysis temperature of different mercury compounds was investigated. From low to high, the pyrolysis temperature was HgCl2, black HgS,HgO, red HgS,HgSO4.. In addition, mercury speciation in several samples of desulphurization gypsum was determined by temperature programmed separation. The results showed that mercury mainly existed in the form of HgS and HgO.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X773

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