【摘要】：為了解決我國中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村生活污水粗放型排放問題,本文將傳統(tǒng)化糞池技術(shù)植入到ABR技術(shù)中,為西北地區(qū)農(nóng)村污水治理改造出一套處理工藝——新型ABR化糞池系統(tǒng)。為增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)的適應(yīng)能力與實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)高效、穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的目的,實(shí)驗(yàn)中采用5隔室的新型ABR化糞池系統(tǒng),分兩個(gè)時(shí)期進(jìn)行了研究。第一時(shí)期,采用逐級(jí)降低HRT與改變反應(yīng)器溫度的方式進(jìn)行反應(yīng)器的啟動(dòng),研究了不同啟動(dòng)方式下反應(yīng)器不同隔室中污染物濃度的變化規(guī)律及顆粒污泥的特性。第二時(shí)期,通過同步調(diào)控運(yùn)行條件,探討了水力停留時(shí)間、有進(jìn)水機(jī)負(fù)荷及溫度對系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行特征和效能的影響。得到的研究結(jié)果如下:啟動(dòng)階段的結(jié)果:兩次啟動(dòng)穩(wěn)定時(shí),系統(tǒng)對COD去除率分別達(dá)到72.69%、55.93%,氨氮去除率總體小于10%,且波動(dòng)性比較大,系統(tǒng)中各隔室對COD去除的貢獻(xiàn)率為:第1隔室第2隔室第4隔室第3隔室第5隔室,NH3-N去除效果并不明顯。啟動(dòng)過程系統(tǒng)處在中堿性環(huán)境,總體上系統(tǒng)的pH與堿度、溫度呈正相關(guān),與VFA呈負(fù)相關(guān),該系統(tǒng)堿度的沿程變化規(guī)律是:出水進(jìn)水第5隔室第4隔室第3隔室第2隔室第1隔室。污泥沉降性較好,污泥顆�；潭认鄬Ρ容^高,系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)氣量與溫度呈正相關(guān)。運(yùn)行階段的結(jié)果:系統(tǒng)整體上對COD、SS的去除效果比較顯著,出水COD濃度平均達(dá)到農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB 5084-2005),出水SS濃度平均為19.87 mg·L-1,達(dá)到《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB18981-2002中的一級(jí)B標(biāo)準(zhǔn);總氮、氨氮及總磷的去除效果比較差,時(shí)常出現(xiàn)去除率為負(fù)的現(xiàn)象,各因素對其影響并不明顯;系統(tǒng)中的酸化程度較低,整體處于中堿性環(huán)境;HRT的延長、有機(jī)負(fù)荷的提高和溫度升高有助于不同厭氧類微生物菌群代謝活性增強(qiáng),促進(jìn)系統(tǒng)總產(chǎn)氣量的增加。選用懸浮生長模型對新型ABR化糞池系統(tǒng)ABR反應(yīng)區(qū)進(jìn)行模型推導(dǎo),根據(jù)反應(yīng)器特性,采取線性化模型及非線性化模型對反應(yīng)器分別進(jìn)行去除率預(yù)測。結(jié)果表明,將反應(yīng)器視作串聯(lián)的CSTR反應(yīng)器建立模型比將ABR反應(yīng)區(qū)簡化至單一CSTR反應(yīng)器建立線形模型的誤差大,原因可能是由于參數(shù)選取以及各隔室模型預(yù)測誤差累計(jì)引起的。最后,通過對該設(shè)備進(jìn)行成本效益分析,表明該套工藝在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面滿足西北地區(qū)農(nóng)村地區(qū)推廣要求。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of extensive discharge of rural domestic sewage in the central and western regions of China, the traditional septic tank technology was implanted into the ABR technology, and a new type of ABR septic tank system was developed for the treatment of rural sewage in the northwest of China. In order to enhance the adaptability of the system and to realize the efficient and stable operation of the system, a new type of ABR septic tank system with five compartments was used in the experiment, which was studied in two periods. In the first stage, the start-up of the reactor was carried out by lowering the HRT step by step and changing the temperature of the reactor. The variation of pollutant concentration and the characteristics of granular sludge in different compartments of the reactor under different start-up modes were studied. In the second period, the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), intake load and temperature on the operating characteristics and efficiency of the system are discussed by synchronously regulating the operating conditions. The results obtained are as follows: the results of the start-up stage: the removal rate of COD is 72.69%, 55.93% respectively, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is less than 10%, and the fluctuation is relatively large when the start-up is stable. The contribution rate of each compartment to COD removal in the system is as follows: first compartment, second compartment, fourth chamber, fourth compartment, third compartment and fifth compartment, the effect of NH3-N removal is not obvious. On the whole, the pH of the system is positively correlated with alkalinity and temperature, and negatively correlated with VFA. The basicity of the system changes along the way: the effluent inlet 5th compartment 4th compartment 3rd compartment 2nd compartment 1 compartment. Sludge sedimentation is good, sludge granulation degree is relatively high, the gas production of the system is positively correlated with temperature. The results of operation showed that the removal efficiency of COD,SS was remarkable, the effluent COD concentration reached the farmland irrigation water quality standard (GB 5084 / 2005), the effluent SS concentration was 19.87 mg 路L-1, and the effluent SS concentration was 19.87 mg 路L-1, and the effluent SS concentration was 19.87 mg 路L-1. It has reached the first class B standard in the GB18981-2002 (discharge Standard of Pollutant in Urban sewage treatment Plant); The removal efficiency of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus is poor, the removal rate is negative, the influence of each factor is not obvious, the acidizing degree in the system is low, and the whole system is in the medium alkaline environment. The prolongation of HRT, the increase of organic load and the increase of temperature contribute to the enhancement of metabolic activity of different anaerobic microbial communities and the increase of total gas production of the system. The suspension growth model was used to deduce the ABR reaction zone of the new ABR septic tank system. According to the characteristics of the reactor, the linearization model and the non-linearization model were used to predict the removal rate of the reactor respectively. The results show that the error of modeling the reactor as a series of CSTR reactors is larger than that of simplifying the ABR reaction zone to a single CSTR reactor, which may be due to the selection of parameters and the accumulation of prediction errors of each compartment model. Finally, through the cost-benefit analysis of the equipment, it is shown that the technology can meet the requirement of popularization in the rural areas of northwest China in terms of economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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