【摘要】：地下水是支撐國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略資源,淺層地下水是很多城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的重要飲用水源。城市擴(kuò)張和農(nóng)業(yè)集約經(jīng)營對地下水環(huán)境的影響日益明顯。地下水的污染威脅到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全和居民的身體健康。選擇典型的城鄉(xiāng)過渡區(qū),開展污染水平、空間分布、區(qū)域生態(tài)風(fēng)險和人體健康風(fēng)險評價,對于指導(dǎo)城市擴(kuò)展和農(nóng)業(yè)集中開發(fā)過程中的土地利用優(yōu)化與地下水環(huán)境管理具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實價值。本文選擇城市擴(kuò)張和農(nóng)業(yè)集約化經(jīng)營的典型地區(qū)—沈陽沈北新區(qū)作為研究案例區(qū),通過采樣測試、統(tǒng)計分析、模型分析等手段,綜合評價了地下水部分指標(biāo)的污染程度、空間分異特征、區(qū)域生態(tài)風(fēng)險與人體健康風(fēng)險。主要得出如下結(jié)論:1)平水期沈北新區(qū)淺層地下水質(zhì)總體較好。硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽、Fe、Mn、Cd、Pb、Hg、As、Cr~(6+)、六六六、滴滴涕和多環(huán)芳烴均有檢出,其中硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽、Fe、Mn、Cd超標(biāo)率較高,分別達(dá)到35%、12%、46%、76%和19%;2)硝酸鹽、Fe、Mn空間變異性強(qiáng),空間異質(zhì)性主要受自然條件等結(jié)構(gòu)性因素控制,Cd、Pb、Hg空間變異性中等,As、六六六、滴滴涕和多環(huán)芳烴空間變異性弱,Cd、Pb、Hg、As、六六六、滴滴涕和多環(huán)芳烴空間異質(zhì)性的形成主要受城市化、工業(yè)化和農(nóng)業(yè)集約經(jīng)營等人為活動隨機(jī)因素的影響;3)沈北新區(qū)地下水固有脆弱性呈現(xiàn)西北至東南梯次降低的趨勢,通過與污染源、綜合污染指數(shù)疊加分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)西部的石佛寺和興隆臺街道,中部從南到北方向的道義、新城子和黃家街道具有較高的生態(tài)風(fēng)險;4)沈北新區(qū)淺層地下水大部分地區(qū)尚不存在飲用途徑的健康風(fēng)險,只有前進(jìn)農(nóng)場等設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)集中的局部致癌危害指數(shù)超過了可接受范圍。5)沈北新區(qū)地下水的風(fēng)險管理重在針對超標(biāo)率較高的硝酸鹽、Fe、Mn和檢出率高、存在潛在風(fēng)險的六六六和與多環(huán)芳烴;空間上控制城市和設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)展規(guī)模,加強(qiáng)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中污染物質(zhì)的排放管理。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is a strategic resource to support the sustainable development of national economy and ecological environment. Shallow groundwater is an important drinking water source in many rural and urban areas. The influence of urban expansion and agricultural intensive management on groundwater environment is becoming more and more obvious. The pollution of groundwater threatens the safety of ecosystem and the health of residents. Select a typical urban-rural transitional area, carry out pollution level, spatial distribution, regional ecological risk and human health risk assessment, It is of great theoretical and practical value to guide the optimization of land use and the management of groundwater environment in the process of urban expansion and agricultural centralized development. In this paper, Shenyang Shenbei New area, a typical area of urban expansion and intensive agricultural management, is chosen as the case area. By means of sampling test, statistical analysis and model analysis, the pollution degree of some indexes of groundwater is evaluated comprehensively. Spatial differentiation characteristics, regional ecological risk and human health risk. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the shallow underground water quality in Shenyang North New area is good in general. Nitrate, nitrite, Fe,Mn,Cd,Pb,Hg,As,Cr~ (6), BHC, DDT and PAHs were detected, and the excess rates of nitrate, nitrite and Fe,Mn,Cd were 35% and 12%, respectively. 46%, 76% and 19%; 2) nitrate and Fe,Mn have strong spatial variability, and spatial heterogeneity is mainly controlled by structural factors such as natural conditions. The spatial variability of Cd,Pb,Hg is moderate, that of As, DDT and PAHs is weak, and that of Cd,Pb,Hg, is weak. The formation of spatial heterogeneity of As, DDT and PAHs was mainly influenced by the random factors of man-made activities such as urbanization, industrialization and intensive management of agriculture. 3) the inherent vulnerability of groundwater in Shenbei New area shows a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast. Through superimposed analysis with pollution sources and comprehensive pollution index, it is found that Shifo Temple and Xinglongtai Street in the west and the morality of the central part from the south to the north are found. Xinchengzi and Huangjia streets have high ecological risk; 4) there is no health risk of drinking route in most areas of shallow groundwater in Shenbei New area. Only the local carcinogenic hazard index in facilities such as Qianjin Farm exceeded the acceptable range. 5) the risk management of groundwater in Shenbei New area is focused on the higher nitrate, Fe,Mn and detection rate, which are higher than the standard rate, and the risk management of groundwater in Shenbei New area is very important. There are potential risks of hexachlorocyclohexane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; The scale of expansion of urban and facility agriculture is controlled in space, and the emission management of pollutants in the process of social and economic development is strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X824

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