發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-27 12:31

【摘要】：重金屬污染問題已經(jīng)引起了社會的廣泛關(guān)注,農(nóng)田重金屬污染與糧食安全、人類健康密切相關(guān)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)選取湖北大冶市王祠村某鎘污染農(nóng)田進(jìn)行重金屬原位鈍化修復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn),該地區(qū)由于地處礦區(qū),土壤中鎘濃度為2.84 mg kg-1,已達(dá)到重度污染標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用小區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn),向土壤中施加不同配比的生物炭及石灰石,以生菜為供試植株,進(jìn)行兩年實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過對施加修復(fù)材料后土壤pH值,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),植物鎘含量,土壤各形態(tài)鎘分布變化的測定及分析,評價(jià)生物炭和石灰石配合施用的修復(fù)效果及效果的持續(xù)性。研究結(jié)果主要如下:1.土壤pH值增加0.42~1.40個(gè)單位,土壤離子交換態(tài)鎘降低4.64%~36.81%。土壤殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鎘升高了27.88%~58.02%,升高的大小順序?yàn)閷φ政d生物炭㩳石灰石㩳生物炭+石灰石,生物炭石灰石混施處理中土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量增加了3.75%~10.66%。生菜葉片中的鎘含量降低了25.30%~53.46%,最低下降到0.35 mg kg-1,生菜根系中鎘含量下降了20.86%~61.00%,降低的大小順序?yàn)閷φ政d生物炭㩳石灰石㩳生物炭+石灰石。2.單施生物炭和石灰石的處理提高土壤pH值的效果能持續(xù)一年時(shí)間,生物炭石灰石混施處理提高土壤pH值的效果能維持兩年時(shí)間。單施生物炭和石灰石的處理降低土壤有效態(tài)Cd含量的效果能維持一年時(shí)間,混施處理降低土壤有效態(tài)鎘含量的效果能維持兩年時(shí)間。綜上所述,單施生物炭、石灰石以及生物炭石灰石的混合施用均能改善土壤的理化性質(zhì),降低土壤中Cd的生物有效性,減少生菜根部和葉片中的Cd含量,其中生物炭和石灰石混施修復(fù)效果最好,且修復(fù)效果能持續(xù)1~2年。本研究為農(nóng)田土壤重金屬Cd的修復(fù)提供了相應(yīng)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution has caused widespread concern in society. Heavy metal pollution in farmland is closely related to food security and human health. In this experiment, a cadmium-contaminated farmland in Wangci village, Daye City, Hubei Province, was selected for in-situ passivation remediation of heavy metals. Due to its location in the mining area, the concentration of cadmium in the soil was 2.84 mg kg-1, which had reached the standard of severe pollution. The plot experiment was carried out by applying different proportion of biochar and limestone to the soil. Lettuce was used as the test plant for two years. Through the determination and analysis of soil pH value, soil organic matter, plant cadmium content and the distribution of cadmium in various forms of soil after the application of remediation materials, the remediation effect and sustainability of combined application of biochar and limestone were evaluated. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1. The pH value of soil increased by 0.42 ~ 1.40 units, and the cadmium ion exchange state decreased by 4.64% and 36.81%, respectively. Soil residual cadmium increased by 27.88% ~ 58.02%, and the order of increase was in the order of control. Biochar? limestone? The content of soil organic matter increased by 3.75% ~ 10.66% in the treatment of biocarbon limestone and biocarbon limestone mixed application. The cadmium content in lettuce leaves decreased by 25.30% and 53.46%, the lowest decreased to 0.35 mg kg-1, the cadmium content in lettuce root decreased by 20.86% and 61.00%, and the order of the decrease was in the order of control. Biochar? limestone? Biochar limestone. 2. The effect of increasing soil pH value by biochar and limestone alone could last for one year, and the effect of biocarbon limestone mixed application could last two years. The effect of using biochar and limestone alone to reduce the available Cd content in soil could be maintained for one year, and the effect of mixed application on reducing available cadmium content in soil could be maintained for two years. In conclusion, the combined application of biochar, limestone and biocharcoal limestone can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, decrease the bioavailability of Cd in soil, and reduce the content of Cd in roots and leaves of lettuce. The combined application of biochar and limestone was the best, and the repair effect lasted for 1 ~ 2 years. This study provided the basis for the remediation of heavy metal Cd in farmland soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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