上游阻擋建筑間距對(duì)街谷內(nèi)空氣環(huán)境的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-22 20:38
【摘要】：城市人口膨脹,使得住宅用地緊張,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致建筑密度大大增加;同時(shí),城市機(jī)動(dòng)車持續(xù)增多,也在某種程度上使城市空氣環(huán)境污染問題日益嚴(yán)重。街谷(street canyon)是城市區(qū)域的重要組成元素,街谷微環(huán)境直接影響著城市空氣質(zhì)量。因此,近幾十年來學(xué)者們對(duì)街谷微環(huán)境的各種特性進(jìn)行了研究。然而,已有研究大多數(shù)都是針對(duì)孤立街谷進(jìn)行的,僅有少數(shù)研究是針對(duì)街谷上游的阻擋建筑對(duì)街谷環(huán)境的影響進(jìn)行的。由于城市中的大部分街谷都在上風(fēng)向存在阻擋建筑(以下簡(jiǎn)稱上游阻擋建筑),因此,研究不同特征的上游阻擋建筑對(duì)街谷內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的影響,對(duì)減小交通污染物對(duì)街谷內(nèi)行人的影響,改善城市空氣質(zhì)量是非常必要的。本文采用CFD數(shù)值模擬方法,研究了四種典型建筑布局下,上游阻擋建筑物與街谷建筑的間距對(duì)街谷氣體流動(dòng)特性和污染物分布規(guī)律的影響,為改善街谷微環(huán)境和合理的城市規(guī)劃提供設(shè)計(jì)原則和理論基礎(chǔ)。本文分析討論了街谷內(nèi)不同典型位置、典型高度處的流場(chǎng)和污染物垂直與水平分布規(guī)律。同時(shí)將街谷劃分成迎風(fēng)區(qū)、中心區(qū)和背風(fēng)區(qū)等三個(gè)區(qū)域,統(tǒng)計(jì)了各區(qū)域在建筑高度以下空間范圍及2 m以下空間內(nèi)的氣體流速、湍流強(qiáng)度和污染物無(wú)量綱濃度的平均值。研究結(jié)果表明,上游阻擋建筑與街谷間距的改變影響了街谷空間的流場(chǎng),進(jìn)而影響了街谷內(nèi)污染物濃度的分布規(guī)律。對(duì)于行列式街谷,不論上游阻擋建筑與上風(fēng)建筑的相對(duì)布局如何,隨著上游阻擋建筑與街谷間距的增加,街谷內(nèi)污染物上部空間平均濃度都會(huì)呈現(xiàn)先增后減的趨勢(shì),存在對(duì)應(yīng)著平均濃度最大值的間距,在本文計(jì)算的常規(guī)街谷中,該對(duì)應(yīng)街谷最大平均濃度的間距為90 m,即上游阻擋建筑與街谷上風(fēng)建筑的間距小于90 m時(shí),街谷內(nèi)上部空間平均濃度反而隨該間距的增大而升高,這將影響到臨街建筑室內(nèi)空氣環(huán)境,而同時(shí)街谷內(nèi)2 m以下人員空間的濃度呈相反的變化趨勢(shì);當(dāng)建筑間距D90 m時(shí),行人活動(dòng)空間污染物濃度亦會(huì)隨該間距的增大而升高,因此建議在城市建筑規(guī)劃布局設(shè)計(jì)中,行列式街谷臨街建筑與上游阻擋建筑的間距不必過大;對(duì)于錯(cuò)列式街谷,不論上游阻擋建筑與上風(fēng)建筑對(duì)齊或錯(cuò)列布局,街谷內(nèi)污染物平均濃度都呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)式變化,沒有表現(xiàn)出行列式街谷類似的規(guī)律。另外,研究結(jié)果還表明,四種典型布局下,無(wú)上游阻擋建筑時(shí),街谷內(nèi)污染物整體平均濃度最小,但是2 m以下空間范圍內(nèi)的污染物平均濃度反而最高,這說明上游阻擋建筑的存在形成了利于近地面的污染物擴(kuò)散的氣流形態(tài),利于街谷內(nèi)行人呼吸環(huán)境的改善。
[Abstract]:The expansion of urban population makes residential land tense and leads to a great increase in building density. At the same time, urban motor vehicles continue to increase, to some extent, the urban air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Street valley (street canyon) is an important element of urban area. Street valley microenvironment directly affects the air quality of city. Therefore, in recent decades, scholars have studied the characteristics of street valley microenvironment. However, most of the studies have been carried out on isolated streets and valleys, and only a few studies have been carried out on the impact of blocking buildings in the upper reaches of the valley on the environment of the streets and valleys. Since most of the streets and valleys in the city are blocking buildings in the upwind direction (hereinafter referred to as upstream blocking buildings), the impact of upstream blocking buildings with different characteristics on the air quality in the street valleys is studied. It is necessary to reduce the influence of traffic pollutants on pedestrians in the street valley and to improve the air quality of the city. In this paper, the CFD numerical simulation method is used to study the influence of the distance between upstream barrier building and street valley building on gas flow characteristics and pollutant distribution in street valley under four typical building layouts. To improve the street and valley micro-environment and rational urban planning to provide design principles and theoretical basis. In this paper, the flow field and the vertical and horizontal distribution of pollutants at different typical positions and typical heights in street valleys are analyzed and discussed. At the same time, the street valley is divided into three areas: upwind area, central area and leeward area. The average values of gas velocity, turbulence intensity and dimensionless concentration of pollutants in the space below building height and below 2 m in each area are calculated. The results show that the change of the distance between the upstream barrier building and the street valley affects the flow field in the street valley space, and then affects the distribution of the pollutant concentration in the street valley. For street valleys, regardless of the relative layout of upstream barrier buildings and upwind buildings, as the distance between upstream barrier buildings and street valleys increases, the average concentration of pollutants in the upper space of street valleys tends to increase first and then decrease. There is a space corresponding to the maximum of the average concentration. In the conventional street valley calculated in this paper, the spacing of the maximum average concentration of the corresponding street valley is 90 m, that is, when the distance between the upstream barrier building and the upwind building in the street valley is less than 90 m, On the contrary, the average concentration of the upper space in the valley increases with the increase of the distance, which will affect the indoor air environment of the street-facing building, while the concentration of the people below 2 m in the valley has the opposite trend. When the space between buildings is D90 m, the concentration of pollutants in pedestrian moving space will also increase with the increase of the spacing. Therefore, it is suggested that in the layout design of urban architecture, the spacing between street-facing buildings and upstream barrier buildings should not be too large. For staggered street valley, no matter the upstream blocking building aligned with the upper wind building or the staggered layout, the average concentration of pollutants in the street valley is fluctuating, and there is no similar rule as the trip type street valley. In addition, the results also show that the average concentration of pollutants in street valley is the smallest when there is no upstream barrier in the four typical layouts, but the average concentration of pollutants in the space below 2 m is the highest. This shows that the presence of upstream barrier building forms the air flow pattern which is conducive to the diffusion of pollutants near the ground and to the improvement of the breathing environment of pedestrians in the street valley.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU-023;X51
本文編號(hào)：2445903
[Abstract]:The expansion of urban population makes residential land tense and leads to a great increase in building density. At the same time, urban motor vehicles continue to increase, to some extent, the urban air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Street valley (street canyon) is an important element of urban area. Street valley microenvironment directly affects the air quality of city. Therefore, in recent decades, scholars have studied the characteristics of street valley microenvironment. However, most of the studies have been carried out on isolated streets and valleys, and only a few studies have been carried out on the impact of blocking buildings in the upper reaches of the valley on the environment of the streets and valleys. Since most of the streets and valleys in the city are blocking buildings in the upwind direction (hereinafter referred to as upstream blocking buildings), the impact of upstream blocking buildings with different characteristics on the air quality in the street valleys is studied. It is necessary to reduce the influence of traffic pollutants on pedestrians in the street valley and to improve the air quality of the city. In this paper, the CFD numerical simulation method is used to study the influence of the distance between upstream barrier building and street valley building on gas flow characteristics and pollutant distribution in street valley under four typical building layouts. To improve the street and valley micro-environment and rational urban planning to provide design principles and theoretical basis. In this paper, the flow field and the vertical and horizontal distribution of pollutants at different typical positions and typical heights in street valleys are analyzed and discussed. At the same time, the street valley is divided into three areas: upwind area, central area and leeward area. The average values of gas velocity, turbulence intensity and dimensionless concentration of pollutants in the space below building height and below 2 m in each area are calculated. The results show that the change of the distance between the upstream barrier building and the street valley affects the flow field in the street valley space, and then affects the distribution of the pollutant concentration in the street valley. For street valleys, regardless of the relative layout of upstream barrier buildings and upwind buildings, as the distance between upstream barrier buildings and street valleys increases, the average concentration of pollutants in the upper space of street valleys tends to increase first and then decrease. There is a space corresponding to the maximum of the average concentration. In the conventional street valley calculated in this paper, the spacing of the maximum average concentration of the corresponding street valley is 90 m, that is, when the distance between the upstream barrier building and the upwind building in the street valley is less than 90 m, On the contrary, the average concentration of the upper space in the valley increases with the increase of the distance, which will affect the indoor air environment of the street-facing building, while the concentration of the people below 2 m in the valley has the opposite trend. When the space between buildings is D90 m, the concentration of pollutants in pedestrian moving space will also increase with the increase of the spacing. Therefore, it is suggested that in the layout design of urban architecture, the spacing between street-facing buildings and upstream barrier buildings should not be too large. For staggered street valley, no matter the upstream blocking building aligned with the upper wind building or the staggered layout, the average concentration of pollutants in the street valley is fluctuating, and there is no similar rule as the trip type street valley. In addition, the results also show that the average concentration of pollutants in street valley is the smallest when there is no upstream barrier in the four typical layouts, but the average concentration of pollutants in the space below 2 m is the highest. This shows that the presence of upstream barrier building forms the air flow pattern which is conducive to the diffusion of pollutants near the ground and to the improvement of the breathing environment of pedestrians in the street valley.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU-023;X51
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