北方防沙屏障帶防風(fēng)固沙生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能變化評(píng)估
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-19 09:21
【摘要】：我國(guó)西北地區(qū)由于地處大陸深處年均降雨量較低,同時(shí)蒸發(fā)量大,加之人口過(guò)快增長(zhǎng)給環(huán)境帶來(lái)了的巨大壓力,使得人類過(guò)度開(kāi)墾放牧等,這些因素綜合作用造成我國(guó)北方地區(qū)沙漠化面積日益擴(kuò)張。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我國(guó)投入大量人力物力進(jìn)行防風(fēng)固沙工作,盡管取得了一定的成效,但整體上我國(guó)沙漠化形勢(shì)依然嚴(yán)峻。本研究所選取的研究區(qū)北方防沙屏障帶主要分布于內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)、甘肅省、青海省和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)等省份,是我國(guó)“兩屏三帶”生態(tài)安全戰(zhàn)略格局的重要組成部分,在維護(hù)我國(guó)生態(tài)安全中具有重要地位。論文采用修正風(fēng)蝕模型(RWEQ)定量研究北方防沙屏障帶1982-2011年間的防風(fēng)固沙功能的時(shí)空變化特征,分析影響變化的因素,并通過(guò)探究屏障區(qū)兩側(cè)近30年來(lái)我國(guó)沙塵暴活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度變化趨勢(shì)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)北方防沙屏障帶的屏障效應(yīng),主要結(jié)論如下:(1)北方防沙屏障帶的防風(fēng)固沙能力大小依次是內(nèi)蒙古防沙屏障帶、河西走廊防沙屏障帶以及塔里木防沙屏障帶;1982-2011年河西走廊防沙屏障帶的整體防風(fēng)固沙功能變化趨勢(shì)呈現(xiàn)增強(qiáng)趨勢(shì),塔里木防沙屏障帶中部和內(nèi)蒙古防沙屏障帶的東北部地區(qū)防風(fēng)固沙能力呈現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì)。(2)北方防沙屏障帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化研究中,塔里木防沙屏障帶南部植被覆蓋度變化顯著,中部NPP變化顯著;河西走廊防沙屏障帶西北地區(qū)植被覆蓋度變化顯著,中部地區(qū)葉面積指數(shù)變化顯著;內(nèi)蒙古防沙屏障帶植被覆蓋度、NPP以及葉面積指數(shù)顯著變化區(qū)域離散分布在屏障區(qū)內(nèi)。北方防沙屏障帶土地利用類型中2000-2010年農(nóng)田凈轉(zhuǎn)出面積最高,大部分地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)出成為草地、灌叢。(3)分析土地利用變化在近十年里對(duì)防風(fēng)固沙服務(wù)功能的影響發(fā)現(xiàn):北方防沙屏障帶各土地利用類型固沙物質(zhì)量序列依次為草地沙漠農(nóng)田灌叢裸地林地城鎮(zhèn),草地是控制北方防沙屏障帶風(fēng)力侵蝕,起到防風(fēng)固沙作用的主要土地利用類型。(4)整體上看,北方防沙屏障處于低植被覆蓋和較低植被覆蓋,在北方防沙屏障帶植被覆蓋度變化程度分成的7個(gè)等級(jí)中,與屏障帶防風(fēng)固沙能力呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)的只有中度及以上增加的區(qū)域,其余范圍的植被覆蓋度變化程度與防風(fēng)固沙能力呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)。(5)本文基于“中國(guó)強(qiáng)沙塵暴序列及其支撐數(shù)據(jù)集”利用反距離權(quán)重空間插值法對(duì)我國(guó)1980-2007年沙塵暴強(qiáng)度的時(shí)空變化進(jìn)行空間插值分析,結(jié)果表明我國(guó)北方沙塵暴活動(dòng)較為劇烈的地區(qū)集中在南疆盆地南部邊緣、阿拉善高原地區(qū)和內(nèi)蒙古東北部的錫林郭勒盟地區(qū);從地理位置上看,北方防沙屏障帶是建立在靠近沙塵源區(qū)的綠色生態(tài)安全屏障,利用位于這些區(qū)域下風(fēng)向的各個(gè)氣象站的沙塵暴強(qiáng)度變化時(shí)間序列曲線來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)我國(guó)北方防沙屏障帶屏障作用效應(yīng)最好的是內(nèi)蒙古防沙屏障帶,塔里木防沙屏障帶最差。從沙塵暴強(qiáng)度變化趨勢(shì)看,重點(diǎn)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)內(nèi)蒙古防沙屏障帶生態(tài)屏障建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Due to the low average annual rainfall in the depth of the mainland, the large amount of evaporation, and the enormous pressure on the environment caused by the rapid population growth, the northwest region of China has over-cultivated and grazing, and so on. These factors have caused the desertification area to expand day by day in the northern part of China. For a long time, a great deal of manpower and material resources have been put into the work of preventing wind and fixing sand in our country, but the situation of desertification in our country is still severe in the whole, although some achievements have been made. The sand barrier zone in the northern part of the study area is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, which is an important part of the ecological security strategic pattern of "two screens and three zones" in China. It plays an important role in maintaining the ecological security of our country. In this paper, a modified wind erosion model (RWEQ) is used to quantitatively study the spatial and temporal characteristics of the function of wind and sand fixation in the north of China from 1982 to 2011, and the factors affecting the change are analyzed. The barrier effect of the barrier zone in the north of China is predicted by exploring the trend of dust storm activity intensity on both sides of the barrier area in the past 30 years in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the anti-sand barrier zone of Inner Mongolia, Hexi Corridor and Tarim; From 1982 to 2011, the overall wind-proof and sand-fixing function of the barrier zone of Hexi Corridor showed an enhanced trend. In the middle part of Tarim anti-sand barrier zone and the northeast area of Inner Mongolia sand barrier zone, the wind-proof and sand-fixing capacity showed a decreasing trend. (2) the ecosystem changes of the sand-proof barrier zone in the north of China were studied. The vegetation coverage changes significantly in the southern part of the sand barrier zone of Tarim, and the NPP changes significantly in the middle part of Tarim Basin. The vegetation coverage, NPP and leaf area index in the barrier zone of the Hexi Corridor changed significantly in the northwest region and in the middle part of the corridor, and distributed in the barrier area in Inner Mongolia, where the vegetation coverage, the vegetation coverage and the leaf area index changed significantly in the sand barrier zone in Inner Mongolia. In the north of China, the land use type of the sand barrier zone was the highest in 2000-2010, and most of the areas were transferred to grassland. (3) analyzing the influence of land use change on the function of wind-proof sand-fixing service in the last ten years, it is found that the sequence of sand-fixing material quality of land-use types in the northern sand-barrier zone is grassland, desert, farmland, scrub, bare land, woodland, town, and so on. Grassland is the main land use type to control wind erosion and sand fixation in the north of China. (4) on the whole, the sand barrier in the north is under low vegetation cover and lower vegetation cover. Among the seven grades of vegetation coverage variation of the barrier zone in the north, only the areas with moderate or higher increases were positively correlated with the wind-proof sand-fixation capacity of the barrier zone, and there were only a few areas with a positive correlation with the windbreak and sand fixation capacity of the barrier zone. There is a negative correlation between the change degree of vegetation cover and the ability of wind and sand fixation. (5) based on "China strong sandstorm series and its supporting data set", this paper uses the inverse distance weight spatial interpolation method to study China from 1980 to 2007. The spatial and temporal variation of dust storm intensity was analyzed by spatial interpolation. The results show that the areas with severe sandstorm activity in northern China are concentrated on the southern edge of the southern Xinjiang Basin, the Alashan Plateau area and Xilingol League area in the northeast of Inner Mongolia. From the geographical point of view, the northern anti-sand barrier zone is a green ecological security barrier built near the dust source area. Based on the time series curves of dust storm intensity variation at various meteorological stations located in these areas, the best barrier effect of sand barrier zone in northern China is in Inner Mongolia and the worst in Tarim. From the change trend of dust storm intensity, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the construction of ecological barrier of sand barrier zone in Inner Mongolia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.1;X826
本文編號(hào)：2443397
[Abstract]:Due to the low average annual rainfall in the depth of the mainland, the large amount of evaporation, and the enormous pressure on the environment caused by the rapid population growth, the northwest region of China has over-cultivated and grazing, and so on. These factors have caused the desertification area to expand day by day in the northern part of China. For a long time, a great deal of manpower and material resources have been put into the work of preventing wind and fixing sand in our country, but the situation of desertification in our country is still severe in the whole, although some achievements have been made. The sand barrier zone in the northern part of the study area is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, which is an important part of the ecological security strategic pattern of "two screens and three zones" in China. It plays an important role in maintaining the ecological security of our country. In this paper, a modified wind erosion model (RWEQ) is used to quantitatively study the spatial and temporal characteristics of the function of wind and sand fixation in the north of China from 1982 to 2011, and the factors affecting the change are analyzed. The barrier effect of the barrier zone in the north of China is predicted by exploring the trend of dust storm activity intensity on both sides of the barrier area in the past 30 years in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the anti-sand barrier zone of Inner Mongolia, Hexi Corridor and Tarim; From 1982 to 2011, the overall wind-proof and sand-fixing function of the barrier zone of Hexi Corridor showed an enhanced trend. In the middle part of Tarim anti-sand barrier zone and the northeast area of Inner Mongolia sand barrier zone, the wind-proof and sand-fixing capacity showed a decreasing trend. (2) the ecosystem changes of the sand-proof barrier zone in the north of China were studied. The vegetation coverage changes significantly in the southern part of the sand barrier zone of Tarim, and the NPP changes significantly in the middle part of Tarim Basin. The vegetation coverage, NPP and leaf area index in the barrier zone of the Hexi Corridor changed significantly in the northwest region and in the middle part of the corridor, and distributed in the barrier area in Inner Mongolia, where the vegetation coverage, the vegetation coverage and the leaf area index changed significantly in the sand barrier zone in Inner Mongolia. In the north of China, the land use type of the sand barrier zone was the highest in 2000-2010, and most of the areas were transferred to grassland. (3) analyzing the influence of land use change on the function of wind-proof sand-fixing service in the last ten years, it is found that the sequence of sand-fixing material quality of land-use types in the northern sand-barrier zone is grassland, desert, farmland, scrub, bare land, woodland, town, and so on. Grassland is the main land use type to control wind erosion and sand fixation in the north of China. (4) on the whole, the sand barrier in the north is under low vegetation cover and lower vegetation cover. Among the seven grades of vegetation coverage variation of the barrier zone in the north, only the areas with moderate or higher increases were positively correlated with the wind-proof sand-fixation capacity of the barrier zone, and there were only a few areas with a positive correlation with the windbreak and sand fixation capacity of the barrier zone. There is a negative correlation between the change degree of vegetation cover and the ability of wind and sand fixation. (5) based on "China strong sandstorm series and its supporting data set", this paper uses the inverse distance weight spatial interpolation method to study China from 1980 to 2007. The spatial and temporal variation of dust storm intensity was analyzed by spatial interpolation. The results show that the areas with severe sandstorm activity in northern China are concentrated on the southern edge of the southern Xinjiang Basin, the Alashan Plateau area and Xilingol League area in the northeast of Inner Mongolia. From the geographical point of view, the northern anti-sand barrier zone is a green ecological security barrier built near the dust source area. Based on the time series curves of dust storm intensity variation at various meteorological stations located in these areas, the best barrier effect of sand barrier zone in northern China is in Inner Mongolia and the worst in Tarim. From the change trend of dust storm intensity, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the construction of ecological barrier of sand barrier zone in Inner Mongolia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.1;X826
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