【摘要】：大氣顆粒物作為首要的大氣污染物,對人體健康、環(huán)境等方面帶來嚴(yán)重危害,目前已受到關(guān)注,許多研究者開展了大氣顆粒物多方面的研究。本研究基于重慶市2013年～2015年17個(gè)空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測站點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù),利用ArcGIS等工具分析重慶市大氣顆粒物的時(shí)空分布特征；利用SPSS秩相關(guān)法分別探究氣象因子、氣態(tài)污染物對大氣顆粒物的影響,以及對典型污染天氣的作用；基于Trajstat后向軌跡模擬,分析重慶市不同季節(jié)及典型污染天氣大氣顆粒物的區(qū)域傳輸來源。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)在日際尺度上,PM2.5與PMlo濃度均呈現(xiàn)明顯的雙峰雙谷曲線變化；在季節(jié)尺度上,大氣顆粒物濃度變化趨勢為冬季秋季春季夏季；觀測時(shí)間內(nèi),共出現(xiàn)典型污染天氣次數(shù)為11次,共計(jì)85天。(2)基于GIS空間分布研究表明,大氣顆粒物濃度在重慶的分布呈由北部到南部逐漸遞增的趨勢,人口與交通密集,工商業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的區(qū)域污染源排放量大,大氣顆粒物濃度偏高。(3)氣態(tài)污染物與大氣顆粒物的關(guān)系密切。SO2、NO2是大氣顆粒物的重要前體物,他們的濃度變化趨勢相似；03與大氣顆粒物的關(guān)系相對復(fù)雜,O3可以加快污染物的生成速度,大氣顆粒物又具有降低大氣光化學(xué)反應(yīng)從而抑制03產(chǎn)生的作用。(4)在污染源一定的條件下,氣象因子是影響大氣顆粒物濃度變化的主要因素。一般來說,大氣顆粒物與氣壓均呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,而與風(fēng)速、氣溫、相對濕度、降雨呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。典型污染天氣下,大氣顆粒物濃度與氣壓、風(fēng)速、氣溫、降雨呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,與相對濕度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。典型污染多發(fā)生在低溫、風(fēng)速小、無降水或降水少、大氣層結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定、逆溫層厚度大的天氣條件下。(5)重慶市受亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候影響,大氣顆粒物傳輸路徑存在明顯的季節(jié)差異性。從傳輸距離來看,短距離的區(qū)域傳輸軌跡占主要部分,表明重慶市大氣顆粒物主要來自本地源排放。典型污染天氣軌跡模擬結(jié)果顯示區(qū)域間的污染輸送現(xiàn)象明顯,局地排放是主要的污染源,表現(xiàn)為區(qū)域環(huán)流控制的天氣形勢抑制大氣顆粒物輸送,不易向其它地區(qū)擴(kuò)散轉(zhuǎn)移,造成大氣顆粒物在本地堆積,導(dǎo)致典型污染發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:As the primary atmospheric pollutant, atmospheric particulate matter has brought serious harm to human health and environment, and has been paid attention to. Many researchers have carried out research on atmospheric particulate matter in many aspects. Based on the data of 17 air quality monitoring stations in Chongqing from 2013 to 2015, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulates in Chongqing were analyzed by means of ArcGIS and other tools. The effects of meteorological factors, gaseous pollutants on atmospheric particulates and typical polluted weather were investigated by SPSS rank correlation method. Based on the Trajstat backward trajectory simulation, the regional transport sources of atmospheric particulates in different seasons and typical polluted weather in Chongqing were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) on the daytime scale, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PMlo show obvious bimodal and bimodal curves, and on the seasonal scale, the variation trend of atmospheric particulate concentration is winter, autumn, spring and summer; During the observation period, the number of typical polluted weather was 11, which was 85 days. (2) based on the spatial distribution of GIS, the distribution of atmospheric particulate matter in Chongqing was gradually increasing from the north to the south, and the population and traffic were dense. (3) the relationship between gaseous pollutants and atmospheric particulate matter is close. SO2,NO2 is an important precursor of atmospheric particulate matter, and their concentration change trend is similar; The relationship between 03 and atmospheric particulates is relatively complex. O3 can accelerate the formation rate of pollutants, and atmospheric particulates can reduce atmospheric photochemical reactions and thus inhibit 03. (4) under certain pollution sources, Meteorological factors are the main factors affecting the concentration of atmospheric particulates. Generally speaking, there is a positive correlation between atmospheric particulate matter and atmospheric pressure, but a negative correlation with wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. In typical polluted weather, the concentration of particulate matter is negatively correlated with air pressure, wind speed, temperature and rainfall, and positively correlated with relative humidity. Typical pollution occurs under the weather conditions of low temperature, low wind speed, no or less precipitation, stable atmospheric structure and large thickness of inversion layer. (5) Chongqing is affected by subtropical monsoon climate. There are obvious seasonal differences in the transport paths of atmospheric particulates. From the point of view of transmission distance, the short distance regional transport track accounts for the main part, which indicates that the atmospheric particulates in Chongqing mainly come from local source emissions. The simulation results of typical polluted weather track show that the pollution transport between regions is obvious, and the local emission is the main pollution source. The weather situation controlled by the regional circulation inhibits the transport of particulate matter in the atmosphere, and it is not easy to spread and transfer to other areas. Atmospheric particulates accumulate locally, leading to typical pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X513

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