【摘要】：全國(guó)約有61%的城市缺水,其中約31%為嚴(yán)重缺水。因此,尋找其它水源供應(yīng)或回用廢水已成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。近年來(lái),有關(guān)應(yīng)用光催化技術(shù)和膜分離技術(shù)處理印染廢水的研究較少,且基本上使用懸浮型的光催化反應(yīng)器,但納米級(jí)的光催化劑粒徑極小易于流失且回收困難,不利于推廣。因此,本文提出聯(lián)合負(fù)載型納米Ti02三維泡沫鎳光催化網(wǎng)和膜分離技術(shù)回用印染廢水,并對(duì)其實(shí)驗(yàn)條件、工藝參數(shù)、回用水質(zhì)和材料的失活與再生進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬方法及其在實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)出印染廢水深度凈化回用裝置,并利用Fluent 14.5軟件優(yōu)化其關(guān)鍵部件,為印染廢水的回用提供有價(jià)值的科學(xué)理論依據(jù)和工業(yè)化應(yīng)用參考。首先,采用復(fù)合電鍍技術(shù)制備出負(fù)載型納米Ti02三維泡沫鎳光催化網(wǎng),聯(lián)合制備出的光催化網(wǎng)和膜分離技術(shù)回用印染廢水,考察了輻照時(shí)間、pH值、壓力等條件對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的影響,并且對(duì)回用水質(zhì)及膜污染進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：在光催化降解實(shí)驗(yàn)中,pH=4,輻照90 min時(shí),光催化的降解效率最高。在膜分離實(shí)驗(yàn)中,pH=10,超濾膜的通量衰退較緩；pH=4,反滲透膜的通量衰退較緩；考慮節(jié)省電耗和提高效率,反滲透壓力選為0.5MPa。使用光催化技術(shù)輻照2小時(shí),可以減緩超濾膜和反滲透膜通量衰退分別約為12%和8%,有效控制膜污染。聯(lián)合光催化-膜分離技術(shù)回用印染廢水后,剛果紅的去除率達(dá)99.2%,色度(稀釋倍數(shù))小于3,COD含量約為20.12 mg/L,硬度約為28.03mg/L和電導(dǎo)率約為883 μs/cm,各水質(zhì)指標(biāo)不僅優(yōu)于染整行業(yè)回用生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于中央空調(diào)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)補(bǔ)給水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值。其次,對(duì)失活后的光催化網(wǎng)、超濾膜和反滲透膜進(jìn)行再生工藝研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：采用乳酸+超聲波清洗后的光催化網(wǎng)再生效果最好,對(duì)剛果紅的去除率和全新光催化網(wǎng)的相當(dāng)。采用堿洗+氧化法對(duì)污染后的超濾膜進(jìn)行清洗,積累在膜表面絕大部分的絮狀污染物已經(jīng)基本消失,膜通量恢復(fù)率達(dá)95%。采用堿洗+酸洗法對(duì)污染后的反滲透膜進(jìn)行清洗,積累在膜表面絕大部分的晶粒污染物已經(jīng)基本消失,通量恢復(fù)率可達(dá)90%以上,脫鹽率恢復(fù)到97%。最后,優(yōu)化光催化-膜分離技術(shù)回用印染廢水的工藝流程,開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)出印染廢水深度凈化回用裝置,并利用數(shù)值模擬方法優(yōu)化其關(guān)鍵部件。應(yīng)用Fluent14.5軟件對(duì)光催化反應(yīng)器和卷式膜組件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),為以后的實(shí)際應(yīng)用打下基礎(chǔ)。光催化反應(yīng)器優(yōu)化模擬結(jié)果顯示：增加擋板一方面可使其內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)的混亂度增加,在一定程度上破壞了流場(chǎng)的穩(wěn)定性；另一方面可以增加流體的停留時(shí)間,使污染物得到進(jìn)一步降解,從而降低光催化反應(yīng)器的循環(huán)次數(shù),節(jié)省電耗。擋板間距為120 mm時(shí),在每個(gè)獨(dú)立的光催化反應(yīng)器空間內(nèi)可以形成兩個(gè)渦流。卷式膜組件優(yōu)化模擬結(jié)果顯示：三角形隔網(wǎng)比圓形隔網(wǎng)和正方形隔網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生了更大尺寸的旋渦。當(dāng)Δ1/h=3時(shí),隔網(wǎng)間距較合適,旋渦得到較充分發(fā)展,運(yùn)輸顆粒的作用得到較有效發(fā)揮,因此強(qiáng)化傳質(zhì)效率最為明顯；當(dāng)Al/h=5、8時(shí),由于隔網(wǎng)的間距過(guò)長(zhǎng),旋渦的尾流區(qū)過(guò)度發(fā)展,從而削弱了旋渦運(yùn)輸顆粒的作用。
[Abstract]:About 61% of the country's cities are short of water, of which about 31% are serious water shortages. Therefore, it is imperative to find other water supply or reuse wastewater. in recent year, that research on the application of photocatalytic technology and membrane separation technology to the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater is less, and the suspension type photo-catalytic reactor is basically used, but the nano-scale photocatalyst particle size is extremely small and is easy to drain and the recovery is difficult, and is not conducive to popularization. in this paper, a combined load-type nano-Ti02 three-dimensional foam nickel photocatalytic net and a membrane separation technology are proposed to be used for printing and dyeing wastewater, and the experimental conditions, process parameters, water quality and material loss and regeneration are studied, and the numerical simulation method and the application thereof are based on the practical engineering application. The device for deep purification of printing and dyeing wastewater is developed and its key components are optimized by Fluent 14.5 software, which provides valuable scientific theoretical basis and reference for industrial application for the return of printing and dyeing wastewater. firstly, a load-type nano Ti02 three-dimensional foam nickel photocatalytic network is prepared by adopting a composite electroplating technology, a photocatalytic net and a membrane separation technology are combined to be used for recycling the printing and dyeing wastewater, and the influence of the irradiation time, the pH value, the pressure and the like on the experiment is investigated, and the water quality and membrane pollution are analyzed. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was the highest in the photocatalytic degradation experiment. In the membrane separation experiment, the pH = 10, the flux of the ultrafiltration membrane is slow, the pH value is 4, the flux of the reverse osmosis membrane is slow, the power consumption and the efficiency are saved, and the reverse osmosis pressure is selected to be 0.5MPa. The degradation of the membrane and the reverse osmosis membrane flux can be reduced by about 12% and 8%, respectively, and the membrane fouling can be effectively controlled by using the photocatalytic technology for 2 hours. After the combined photocatalytic-membrane separation technology is used for the printing and dyeing wastewater, the removal rate of the Congo red is up to 99.2%, the chroma (dilution ratio) is less than 3, the COD content is about 20. 12 mg/ L, the hardness is about 28. 03mg/ L and the electric conductivity is about 883.mu. s/ cm, and the water quality indexes are not only better than the standard standard for the production of the dyeing and finishing industry, and is far superior to the standard value of the make-up water of the central air-conditioning circulating system. Secondly, the process of regeneration of the lost photocatalytic net, the ultrafiltration membrane and the reverse osmosis membrane was studied. The results of the experiment show that the photocatalytic net has the best regeneration effect after the use of the lactic acid + ultrasonic cleaning, and the removal rate of the Congo red and the equivalent of the new photocatalytic net are the best. The polluted ultrafiltration membrane was cleaned by the alkaline-washing + oxidation method, and most of the flocculent pollutants accumulated on the surface of the membrane had disappeared, and the recovery rate of the membrane flux was up to 95%. The reverse osmosis membrane after the pollution is cleaned by the alkali washing + acid washing method, the most of the grain contaminants accumulated on the surface of the membrane have disappeared, the recovery rate of the flux can reach more than 90 percent, and the desalination rate is restored to 97 percent. and finally, optimizing the process flow of the photo-catalytic-membrane separation technology to recycle the printing and dyeing wastewater, developing a device for designing and designing the depth of the printing and dyeing wastewater, and optimizing the key components by using the numerical simulation method. Fluent 14.5 software was used to optimize the photocatalytic reactor and roll-type membrane module and lay the foundation for future practical application. the optimization of the simulation results of the photo-catalytic reactor results in that the increased turbulence of the internal flow field can be increased on the one hand, and the stability of the flow field is destroyed to a certain extent; on the other hand, the residence time of the fluid can be increased, so that the pollutants can be further degraded, so that the number of cycles of the photocatalytic reactor is reduced, and the power consumption is saved. When the baffle spacing is 120 mm, two vortices can be formed in each separate photo-catalytic reactor space. The results of the optimized simulation of the roll-type membrane module show that the triangular barrier has a larger size of the vortex than the circular and square networks. When the space is 1/ h = 3, the separation distance is suitable, the vortex is fully developed, the effect of the transportation particles is more effective, and therefore, the enhancement and mass transfer efficiency is the most obvious; when Al/ h = 5, 8, the vortex wake region is over developed due to the excessively long interval of the separation net, thereby weakening the effect of the vortex transport particles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X791

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本文編號(hào)：2398626