全國區(qū)域環(huán)境公平測度與影響因素研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-27 14:43
【摘要】：我國自改革開放以來,經(jīng)濟(jì)得到高速增長的同時也帶來了環(huán)境的不斷惡化,地區(qū)間經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡造成環(huán)境資源使用的不平衡,在環(huán)境不平衡發(fā)展的累積過程中,區(qū)際環(huán)境不公平帶來的沖突日益凸顯。環(huán)境不平等問題的研究始于國外,國外的相關(guān)研究更側(cè)重關(guān)注種族沖突相對嚴(yán)重地區(qū)的群體間環(huán)境不公平問題,而我國并不存在這樣矛盾沖突的種族關(guān)系。我國幅員遼闊,不同區(qū)域間的發(fā)展差異較大,區(qū)域間環(huán)境不平等問題更值得關(guān)注,當(dāng)前國內(nèi)在學(xué)術(shù)與政策上已逐漸開始重視環(huán)境公平問題。首先,本文通過對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的回顧與評述,基于收入不平等分析工具對環(huán)境公平程度進(jìn)行測度,構(gòu)建了經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出視角下的環(huán)境不平等指數(shù)EII與人口權(quán)重視角下的環(huán)境加權(quán)變異系數(shù)CEVw,較為全面地測算了 2000-2015年中國各個省份的環(huán)境公平程度,并從省級視角與七大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域視角進(jìn)行分析。同時對江蘇省內(nèi)部的環(huán)境不平等進(jìn)行定量測算,并與相同時間尺度下的各項社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展指標(biāo)進(jìn)行比對,綜合分析區(qū)域內(nèi)部環(huán)境排放不公平的現(xiàn)狀特征。結(jié)果顯示,我國不僅在不同區(qū)域的工業(yè)污染排放上差異明顯,在區(qū)際間環(huán)境公平程度上更是呈現(xiàn)了明顯的空間異質(zhì)性特征;無論從省級空間視角還是華北、華東、華中、華南、東北、西南、西北的七大地域視角來分析,我國區(qū)域間的環(huán)境公平問題均十分嚴(yán)重。從江蘇省內(nèi)部的環(huán)境公平來分析,2000-2014年間,基于13個城市人口權(quán)重與工業(yè)污染排放的環(huán)境加權(quán)變異系數(shù)呈倒U型曲線過程,江蘇省環(huán)境不平等程度呈現(xiàn)出先升高、再降低、然后逐漸趨于平緩的趨勢。其次,在定量化測度環(huán)境公平水平的基礎(chǔ)之上,基于IPAT模型、STIRPAT模型構(gòu)建的環(huán)境不平等影響因素分解模型以及環(huán)境庫茲涅茲理論,對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境不公平間的關(guān)系、城市化與環(huán)境不公平之間的曲線關(guān)系開展研究;借鑒Theil指數(shù)的KAYA分解模型,進(jìn)一步確定影響環(huán)境不公平的驅(qū)動因子;利用面板數(shù)據(jù)的固定效應(yīng)模型,通過實證研究對全國各省環(huán)境不平等的解釋變量進(jìn)行回歸估計。結(jié)果顯示,其一,能源強(qiáng)度、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、城市化率、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、人口因素皆共同影響了區(qū)際間環(huán)境不平等程度的高低。從影響系數(shù)上看,能源強(qiáng)度是影響區(qū)域二氧化硫環(huán)境不平等程度貢獻(xiàn)率最高的的驅(qū)動因素,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、城市化率、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響貢獻(xiàn)其次,人口因子的影響程度相對較小。其二,除城市化因素對環(huán)境不平等程度呈現(xiàn)出明顯的負(fù)向效應(yīng)外,其余因子都對環(huán)境不平等程度起到明顯的正向驅(qū)動效應(yīng)。其三,對EKC理論在環(huán)境不平等程度上的適用性進(jìn)行檢驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)在2000-2012年間,各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境不公平程度之間并未顯示出倒U型曲線關(guān)系,而是呈現(xiàn)顯著的線性關(guān)系;城市化率與環(huán)境不平等程度之間有可能存在倒U型關(guān)系,但曲線已位于拐點右側(cè);環(huán)境不平等程度的高低不但隨著城市化的發(fā)展而降低,且其降低速率會隨著城市化率不斷增大,變化趨勢會越來越明顯。此外,基于K-均值聚類分析方法,在揭示區(qū)際間環(huán)境公平的核心影響因素的基礎(chǔ)之上,分析經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出、能源強(qiáng)度、城市化率下的各地區(qū)的聚類情況,并根據(jù)K-均值聚類結(jié)果的不同類目,分別對各類區(qū)域的環(huán)境不公平進(jìn)行更為清晰的趨勢分析。從而為不同類別區(qū)域?qū)嵤┫鄳?yīng)匹配的環(huán)境政策時提供理論支撐與科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文可能的創(chuàng)新之處在于:第一,選用有代表性的工業(yè)污染物,從經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出、人口權(quán)重多個視角構(gòu)建了環(huán)境不平等定量測度模型,對研究角度實現(xiàn)了拓展;第二,基于環(huán)境庫茲涅茲理論對全國區(qū)域二氧化硫排放的環(huán)境不平等程度的適用性進(jìn)行了驗證,并增加了城市化解釋變量進(jìn)行EKC理論適用性的驗證。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening-up in China, the economy has been growing at a high speed, which has also brought about the worsening of the environment, the unbalanced economic development of the region and the imbalance of the use of the environmental resources, and the conflicts between the regional environment and the environment are becoming more and more prominent in the accumulation process of the unbalanced development of the environment. The study of the problem of the environment inequality began in the foreign countries, and the relevant research abroad focused more on the problem of the non-equity among the groups in the relatively serious region of the ethnic conflict, and there is no ethnic relation of such conflicts in our country. The large scale of the country, the great difference in the development of the different regions, and the problem of the inequality between the regions are of great concern, and the current domestic academic and policy has gradually begun to pay attention to the environmental equity. First, this paper, through the review and review of the relevant literature at home and abroad, measure the degree of environmental fairness based on the income inequality analysis tool, and construct the environmental weighted coefficient of variation CEVw of the environment inequality index EII and the population weight angle of view under the economic output perspective. The degree of environmental equity in all provinces of China in 2000-2015 is calculated in a more comprehensive way, and the analysis is made from the perspective of the provincial level and the perspective of the seven major economic regions. At the same time, the environmental non-equality in Jiangsu Province is quantitatively calculated and compared with the social and economic development indexes under the same time scale, and the present characteristics of the non-equity in the internal environment of the region are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that not only the difference of industrial pollution discharge in different regions is obvious, but also the spatial heterogeneity is more evident in the inter-regional environment, whether from the provincial spatial perspective or the North China, the East China, the Central China, the South China, the North-East and the South-West, From the perspective of the seven major regions in the north-west, the environmental fair in our country is very serious. The environmental-weighted coefficient of variation based on 13 urban population weight and industrial pollution emission in the period of 2000-2014 is an inverted U-shaped curve process from the internal environment of Jiangsu Province. The degree of environmental inequality in Jiangsu Province is first raised and then decreased, and then it gradually tends to be gentle. Secondly, based on the quantitative measure of the fair level of the environment, the relationship between the economic development and the environmental inequity is made based on the IPAT model, the environment inequality influence factor decomposition model constructed by the STIRPAT model, and the environment Kuznets theory. The paper studies the relationship between the urbanization and the unfair environment, and uses the KAYA decomposition model of the oil index to further determine the driving factors that affect the environment's inequity, and uses the fixed-effect model of the panel data. An empirical study is made to estimate the variance of the environmental inequality in all the provinces of the country. The results show that, firstly, the energy intensity, the economic growth, the urbanization rate, the industrial structure and the population factor have a common influence on the degree of inequality between the inter-regional environment. On the basis of the influence coefficient, the energy intensity is the driving factor which has the highest contribution rate of the environmental non-equality degree in the regional sulfur dioxide environment, the economic growth, the urbanization rate, the influence of the industrial structure, and the influence degree of the population factor is relatively small. Secondly, in addition to the negative effect of urbanization on the degree of inequality of the environment, the other factors play a significant positive driving effect on the degree of inequality of the environment. Thirdly, the applicability of the EKC theory to the degree of environmental non-equality is tested, and it is found that in the period 2000-2012, there is no U-type curve relation between the economic development and the degree of the environmental inequality, but a significant linear relationship is presented. There may be an inverted U-shaped relationship between the rate of urbanization and the degree of inequality, but the curve is on the right side of the inflection point; the degree of the inequality of the environment not only decreases with the development of the urbanization, but also the rate of reduction will become more and more obvious with the increasing urbanization rate. In addition, based on the K-mean cluster analysis method, on the basis of revealing the core influence factors of the inter-regional environmental fairness, the situation of the aggregation of the regions under the economic output, the energy intensity and the urbanization rate is analyzed, and the different categories of the K-mean clustering result are analyzed, and a more clear trend analysis is carried out on the environmental inequity of various regions, respectively. so as to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for implementing the corresponding matching environment policy for different category regions. The possible innovation of this paper is that the first, the representative industrial pollutant is selected, the quantitative measure model of the environment inequality is constructed from the economic output and the population weight, the research angle is expanded, and the second, On the basis of the environmental Kuznets theory, the applicability of the environmental non-equal degree of sulfur dioxide emission in the whole country is verified, and the validation of the applicability of the EKC theory to the urbanization interpretation variable is added.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X321
本文編號：2393229
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening-up in China, the economy has been growing at a high speed, which has also brought about the worsening of the environment, the unbalanced economic development of the region and the imbalance of the use of the environmental resources, and the conflicts between the regional environment and the environment are becoming more and more prominent in the accumulation process of the unbalanced development of the environment. The study of the problem of the environment inequality began in the foreign countries, and the relevant research abroad focused more on the problem of the non-equity among the groups in the relatively serious region of the ethnic conflict, and there is no ethnic relation of such conflicts in our country. The large scale of the country, the great difference in the development of the different regions, and the problem of the inequality between the regions are of great concern, and the current domestic academic and policy has gradually begun to pay attention to the environmental equity. First, this paper, through the review and review of the relevant literature at home and abroad, measure the degree of environmental fairness based on the income inequality analysis tool, and construct the environmental weighted coefficient of variation CEVw of the environment inequality index EII and the population weight angle of view under the economic output perspective. The degree of environmental equity in all provinces of China in 2000-2015 is calculated in a more comprehensive way, and the analysis is made from the perspective of the provincial level and the perspective of the seven major economic regions. At the same time, the environmental non-equality in Jiangsu Province is quantitatively calculated and compared with the social and economic development indexes under the same time scale, and the present characteristics of the non-equity in the internal environment of the region are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that not only the difference of industrial pollution discharge in different regions is obvious, but also the spatial heterogeneity is more evident in the inter-regional environment, whether from the provincial spatial perspective or the North China, the East China, the Central China, the South China, the North-East and the South-West, From the perspective of the seven major regions in the north-west, the environmental fair in our country is very serious. The environmental-weighted coefficient of variation based on 13 urban population weight and industrial pollution emission in the period of 2000-2014 is an inverted U-shaped curve process from the internal environment of Jiangsu Province. The degree of environmental inequality in Jiangsu Province is first raised and then decreased, and then it gradually tends to be gentle. Secondly, based on the quantitative measure of the fair level of the environment, the relationship between the economic development and the environmental inequity is made based on the IPAT model, the environment inequality influence factor decomposition model constructed by the STIRPAT model, and the environment Kuznets theory. The paper studies the relationship between the urbanization and the unfair environment, and uses the KAYA decomposition model of the oil index to further determine the driving factors that affect the environment's inequity, and uses the fixed-effect model of the panel data. An empirical study is made to estimate the variance of the environmental inequality in all the provinces of the country. The results show that, firstly, the energy intensity, the economic growth, the urbanization rate, the industrial structure and the population factor have a common influence on the degree of inequality between the inter-regional environment. On the basis of the influence coefficient, the energy intensity is the driving factor which has the highest contribution rate of the environmental non-equality degree in the regional sulfur dioxide environment, the economic growth, the urbanization rate, the influence of the industrial structure, and the influence degree of the population factor is relatively small. Secondly, in addition to the negative effect of urbanization on the degree of inequality of the environment, the other factors play a significant positive driving effect on the degree of inequality of the environment. Thirdly, the applicability of the EKC theory to the degree of environmental non-equality is tested, and it is found that in the period 2000-2012, there is no U-type curve relation between the economic development and the degree of the environmental inequality, but a significant linear relationship is presented. There may be an inverted U-shaped relationship between the rate of urbanization and the degree of inequality, but the curve is on the right side of the inflection point; the degree of the inequality of the environment not only decreases with the development of the urbanization, but also the rate of reduction will become more and more obvious with the increasing urbanization rate. In addition, based on the K-mean cluster analysis method, on the basis of revealing the core influence factors of the inter-regional environmental fairness, the situation of the aggregation of the regions under the economic output, the energy intensity and the urbanization rate is analyzed, and the different categories of the K-mean clustering result are analyzed, and a more clear trend analysis is carried out on the environmental inequity of various regions, respectively. so as to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for implementing the corresponding matching environment policy for different category regions. The possible innovation of this paper is that the first, the representative industrial pollutant is selected, the quantitative measure model of the environment inequality is constructed from the economic output and the population weight, the research angle is expanded, and the second, On the basis of the environmental Kuznets theory, the applicability of the environmental non-equal degree of sulfur dioxide emission in the whole country is verified, and the validation of the applicability of the EKC theory to the urbanization interpretation variable is added.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X321
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 李雄華;;權(quán)利視角下的環(huán)境公平與環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)均等化[J];中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2016年06期
2 王玉華;;環(huán)境公平視域中的公眾參與問題探析[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)師;2015年09期
3 王克;姚幸穎;劉琦媛;;基于Theil指數(shù)KAYA分解的中國碳排放差異性分析[J];環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué);2014年05期
4 龔文娟;;環(huán)境風(fēng)險在人群中的社會空間分配[J];廈門大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2014年03期
5 陸淼菁;陳紅敏;;碳排放不公平性研究綜述[J];資源科學(xué);2013年08期
6 杜強(qiáng);陳喬;楊銳;;基于Logistic模型的中國各省碳排放預(yù)測[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2013年02期
7 黃和平;;基于多角度基尼系數(shù)的江西省資源環(huán)境公平性研究[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2012年20期
8 高帆;;中國居民收入差距變動的因素分解:趨勢及解釋[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué);2012年03期
9 鐘茂初;閆文娟;;環(huán)境公平問題既有研究述評及研究框架思考[J];中國人口.資源與環(huán)境;2012年06期
10 孫耀華;仲偉周;慶東瑞;;基于 Theil 指數(shù)的中國省際間碳排放強(qiáng)度差異分析[J];財貿(mào)研究;2012年03期
，本文編號：2393229
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shengtaihuanjingbaohulunwen/2393229.html
最近更新
教材專著
