【摘要】：鈾尾礦砂屬于低比活度放射性物質(zhì),但由于廢物量龐大,放射性核素種類多,毒性高,對(duì)環(huán)境和人類健康構(gòu)成長(zhǎng)期潛在的威脅。鈾尾礦庫(kù)周邊環(huán)境放射性水平調(diào)查與研究對(duì)鈾尾礦庫(kù)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)、水冶廠環(huán)境污染治理和當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有一定意義。以某鈾尾礦庫(kù)周邊水和土壤環(huán)境為研究對(duì)象。通過(guò)放射性比活度測(cè)量法,測(cè)量土壤總α和總β放射性比活度、土壤和地表水238U、226Ra、232Th和40K等天然放射性含量。繪制土壤和地表水放射性核素含量隨監(jiān)測(cè)位置變化圖,分析土壤和地表水放射性核素含量的分布特征。使用外照射吸收劑量估算法和內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法,評(píng)價(jià)鈾尾礦庫(kù)周邊環(huán)境對(duì)人類健康的影響。調(diào)查區(qū)域的研究結(jié)果如下:1、鈾尾礦庫(kù)和山南水冶廠周邊土壤238U、226Ra、232Th和40K含量大小順序分別為:226Ra238U40K232Th和238U226Ra40K232Th。放射性核素含量在不同位置差別較大。總α、總β、238U和226Ra含量,距鈾尾礦庫(kù)由近及遠(yuǎn)減弱明顯,居民區(qū)土壤總α、總β、238U、226Ra和232Th放射性已達(dá)到環(huán)境本底水平,40K含量略高于環(huán)境本底水平,說(shuō)明鈾尾礦庫(kù)堤壩有效防止放射性廢物對(duì)庫(kù)區(qū)居民的影響。2、鈾尾礦庫(kù)和山南水冶廠周邊地表水238U、226Ra和232Th含量大小隨取樣斷面變化規(guī)律相同:污染源頭控制斷面削減斷面環(huán)境本底值,距鈾水冶廠由近及遠(yuǎn),核素含量減弱明顯。40K含量先減小后增大。居民區(qū)地表水238U、226Ra、232Th和40K含量高于撫州市環(huán)境本底值。3、鈾尾礦庫(kù)堤壩土壤有效當(dāng)量劑量平均值為0.35mSv/a,不影響工作人員健康。居民生活區(qū)土壤有效當(dāng)量劑量平均值為0.84 mSv/a,說(shuō)明庫(kù)區(qū)居民區(qū)土壤不影響居民健康和生產(chǎn)。4、山南水冶廠和鈾尾礦庫(kù)周邊地表水自然稀釋后,內(nèi)梅羅綜合指數(shù)為II級(jí),對(duì)庫(kù)區(qū)居民健康和生產(chǎn)無(wú)放射性危害。
[Abstract]:Uranium tailings are low specific activity radioactive materials, but because of the large amount of waste, many kinds of radionuclides and high toxicity, they pose a long-term potential threat to the environment and human health. The investigation and study on the radioactivity level of the surrounding environment of uranium tailings reservoir is of certain significance to the ecological environment protection of uranium tailings reservoir, the environmental pollution control of hydrometallurgical plant and the sustainable development of local economy. The surrounding water and soil environment of a uranium tailings reservoir were studied. The total 偽 and total 尾 radioactivity of soil and the natural radioactivity of 238U 226Rai 232Th and 40K in soil and surface water were measured by the method of specific activity measurement. The radionuclide contents of soil and surface water were plotted and the distribution characteristics of radionuclides in soil and surface water were analyzed. The effects of environment around uranium tailings reservoir on human health were evaluated by using the method of estimating the absorbed dose of external irradiation and the comprehensive pollution index of Nemero. The results of the investigation are as follows: 1. The order of the contents of 238UU 226RaN 232Th and 40K in the soil around uranium tailings and Shannan Hydrometallurgical Plant is 226Ra238U40K232Th and 238U226Ra40K232Th. The content of radionuclides varies greatly in different locations. The contents of total 偽, total 尾, 238U and 226Ra, and the distance from uranium tailing pool to uranium tailing pool are obviously weakened. The total 偽, total 尾, 238U 226Ra and 232Th radioactivity of soil in residential areas have reached the environmental background level, and the 40K content is slightly higher than the environmental background level, the total 偽, total 尾, 238U 226Ra and 232Th radioactivity have reached the environmental background level. It is shown that the dike of uranium tailings reservoir can effectively prevent the effect of radioactive waste on residents of the reservoir area. 2. The surface water around the uranium tailings reservoir and Shannan hydrometallurgical plant is 238U. The contents of 226Ra and 232Th are the same as those of sampling section: the environmental background value of cross section is reduced by the pollution source control section, which is near and far away from uranium hydrometallurgical plant, the nuclide content decreases obviously, and the content of 40K decreases first and then increases. The contents of 238UZ226Ra22Th and 40K in surface water of residential area are higher than the environmental background value of Fuzhou. 3. The average effective equivalent dose of soil effective equivalent dose is 0.35mSv / a, which does not affect the health of the workers. The average effective equivalent dose of soil in residential areas is 0. 84 mSv/a, which indicates that the soil of residential areas in the reservoir area does not affect the health and production of residents. 4. After natural dilution of surface water around Shannan Hydrometallurgical Plant and uranium tailings reservoir, The comprehensive index of Nemero is II, which is not harmful to the health and production of residents in the reservoir area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X837;X82

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