【摘要】：三江平原地處我國東北部,是我國淡水沼澤濕地的集中分布區(qū),是重要的生態(tài)資源和環(huán)境保護(hù)屏障。隨著環(huán)境變化和人類活動的影響,三江平原沼澤濕地面積喪失,濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能退化,健康受到嚴(yán)重威脅。2017年春季、夏季和秋季,對三江平原21處沼澤濕地水生無脊椎動物進(jìn)行采樣。分析目前三江平原沼澤濕地水生無脊椎動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征。基于采樣數(shù)據(jù),在三江平原農(nóng)業(yè)濕地生態(tài)區(qū),構(gòu)建三江平原沼澤濕地水生無脊椎動物完整性指數(shù)評價(jià)體系,評價(jià)三江平原沼澤生態(tài)健康狀況。研究期間,共采集水生無脊椎動物6395頭,隸屬3門7綱16目54科93種,主要以水生昆蟲和腹足綱為主。其中,水生昆蟲占總物種數(shù)的70.21%。水生昆蟲以鞘翅目、雙翅目和蜻蜓目為主,分別占到29.41%、22.06%和16.18%。主要優(yōu)勢種為:紋沼螺(Parafossarulus striatulus)、西伯利亞盤螺(Valvata sibirica)、光亮隔扁螺(Sgementina nitida)、烏蘇里圓田螺(Cipangopaludina ussuriensis)、烏蘇里豆螺(Bithynia ussuriensis)、離心旋螺(Gyraulus centrifugus)、搖蚊亞科(Chironominae sp)、劃蝽科(Sigara sp)、囂科(Coenagrion sp)。不同季節(jié)優(yōu)勢種具有一定差異性。本研究表明,三江平原沼澤濕地水生無脊椎動物群落不同樣點(diǎn)間物種組成差異較大。濕地水生無脊椎動物密度相對較低,特別是沼澤濕地受到干擾以后,密度出現(xiàn)大幅度下降。水生無脊椎動物物種多樣性水平整體較高,不同樣點(diǎn)間差異較大。通過對47個(gè)候選指標(biāo)分布范圍、判別能力和相關(guān)分析,最終確定水生無脊椎動物完整性指數(shù)核心指標(biāo)由由總分類單元數(shù)(M1)、扁卷螺科%(M17)、龍虱科%(M27)、搖蚊科%(M30)4個(gè)參數(shù)構(gòu)成。用3分法和比值法計(jì)算各生物參數(shù)值,并將各參數(shù)值加和得到水生無脊椎動物完整性指數(shù)值。判別能力分析表明,兩種方法能較好地判別參照濕地和受損濕地狀況(IQ=3),且具有很好的相關(guān)性(R=0.9436)。通過計(jì)算比較得出,比值法建立的健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評價(jià)沼澤濕地準(zhǔn)確率優(yōu)于三分法。基于此,我們采用比值法得到水生無脊椎動物完整性指數(shù)值。以參照濕地水生無脊椎動物完整性指數(shù)值的25%分位數(shù)作為健康基準(zhǔn)值,≥25%分位數(shù)值,無干擾;對小于25%分位數(shù)的值3等分,確定三江平原沼澤濕地健康評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):2.69無干擾,1.79~2.69輕度干擾,0.9~1.79中度干擾,0~0.9重度干擾。整體上看,所調(diào)查的三江平原沼澤濕地有71.43%受到不同程度的干擾,其中42.86%受到了中重度干擾,28.57%屬于無干擾。
[Abstract]:Sanjiang Plain is located in the northeast of China. It is a concentrated distribution area of freshwater swamp wetland and an important ecological resource and environmental protection barrier. With the impact of environmental change and human activities, the wetland area in Sanjiang Plain is lost, wetland ecosystem function is degraded, and health is seriously threatened. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled from 21 marsh wetlands in Sanjiang Plain. The community structure characteristics of aquatic invertebrates in swamp wetlands in Sanjiang Plain were analyzed. Based on the sampling data, an evaluation system of aquatic invertebrate integrity index was constructed in the agricultural wetland ecological area of Sanjiang Plain to evaluate the ecological health of the swamp in Sanjiang Plain. During the study, 6395 aquatic invertebrates were collected, belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 16 orders, 54 families and 93 species, mainly aquatic insects and gastropods. Among them, aquatic insects accounted for 70.21% of the total species. The aquatic insects were mainly Coleoptera, Diptera and dragonfly, accounting for 29.41% and 16.18% respectively. The main dominant species are (Parafossarulus striatulus), (Valvata sibirica), (Sgementina nitida), (Cipangopaludina ussuriensis), (Bithynia ussuriensis), (Gyraulus centrifugus), (Chironominae sp),. (Coenagrion sp). Of (Sigara sp), 's family Pentatomidae There are some differences among the dominant species in different seasons. The results show that the species composition of aquatic invertebrate communities in the swamp wetland of Sanjiang Plain is quite different at different points. The density of aquatic invertebrates in wetlands is relatively low, especially after the disturbance of marsh wetlands, the density of aquatic invertebrates decreases significantly. The species diversity level of aquatic invertebrates is higher as a whole, and there is a great difference between different points. According to the distribution range of 47 candidate indexes, discriminant ability and correlation analysis, the core indexes of the integrity index of aquatic invertebrates were determined by the number of total taxonomic units (M1), the percentage of snails (M17), and the percentage of lice (M27). Four parameters of Chironomidae% (M 30) were constructed. The values of biological parameters were calculated by the three-point method and the ratio method, and the integrality index values of aquatic invertebrates were obtained by adding the values of the parameters. The discriminant ability analysis showed that the two methods could distinguish the reference wetland from the damaged wetland (IQ=3) and had a good correlation (RV 0.9436). Through calculation and comparison, it is concluded that the accuracy of the health standard established by the ratio method is better than that of the three-point method. Based on this, we obtained the aquatic invertebrate integrity index by the ratio method. With reference to the wetland aquatic invertebrate integrity index value of 25 quartiles as the health reference value, 鈮，

本文編號：2387071