【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,資源、環(huán)境及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的矛盾日益突出,引發(fā)了一系列嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)的生存和發(fā)展帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。目前,中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村人口為6.74億,占全國(guó)人口的50.32%,而農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭又是農(nóng)村最主要的行為主體,其生產(chǎn)生活方式和消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)是影響環(huán)境的重要因素。隨著我國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及農(nóng)村生活質(zhì)量的不斷提高,農(nóng)戶(hù)對(duì)資源的需求量和廢物的排放量日益加大,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村地區(qū)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量日益惡化,生活用水和土壤安全受到嚴(yán)重威脅。農(nóng)村是我國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),也是我國(guó)近些年高度關(guān)注的地區(qū),對(duì)于農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭的生產(chǎn)方式、消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和收入水平等對(duì)資源需求的影響研究,能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶(hù)生產(chǎn)生活對(duì)環(huán)境影響的主要因素,對(duì)于農(nóng)村地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文選取臨汾市堯都區(qū)城郊七個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的14個(gè)村莊作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)各農(nóng)戶(hù)的生活、能源消耗和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)情況進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。根據(jù)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),利用生態(tài)足跡模型對(duì)城郊農(nóng)戶(hù)生態(tài)足跡進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,并且對(duì)農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭生態(tài)足跡的構(gòu)成和不同收入水平的家庭與生態(tài)足跡的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析,最后利用SPSS軟件分析了農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭生態(tài)足跡的影響因子。根據(jù)調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果可知:(1)臨汾市堯都區(qū)城郊農(nóng)戶(hù)的人均生態(tài)足跡為1.5124gha2/人,人均生態(tài)承載力為0.5986gha2/人,人均生態(tài)赤字為0.9138gha2/人,人均生態(tài)占用是人均生態(tài)支撐能力的2.53倍。(2)在生態(tài)占用的構(gòu)成中,耕地所占用的生產(chǎn)性土地面積比重最大,占總?cè)司鷳B(tài)占用的比例為53.66%。農(nóng)戶(hù)的人均生態(tài)占用主要由農(nóng)戶(hù)生活消費(fèi)生態(tài)占用和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)生態(tài)占用兩部分構(gòu)成,農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭生活消費(fèi)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)人均生態(tài)足跡分別占農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭總?cè)司鷳B(tài)足跡的61.19%和38.81%。在各類(lèi)消費(fèi)品中,化石能源消耗生態(tài)足跡比重最大,其次為化肥和食物消耗的生態(tài)足跡。(3)不同收入水平家庭的生態(tài)足跡中,中等收入水平的家庭人均生態(tài)足跡最高,最低收入家庭的人均生態(tài)足跡最低;在差異性研究中,臨汾市城郊地區(qū)農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭的基尼系數(shù)為0.39,屬于相對(duì)合理的區(qū)間范圍內(nèi),這表明該地區(qū)各農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭的生態(tài)足跡相對(duì)均衡。(4)利用多元線(xiàn)性回歸模型分析的影響家庭人均生態(tài)足跡的主要因子為家庭耕地面積和家庭建筑占地面積。家庭耕地面積是影響當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶(hù)家庭生態(tài)足跡最主要的影響因子,家庭耕地面積越大,所消耗的農(nóng)藥化肥相應(yīng)增多,從而導(dǎo)致了生態(tài)足跡增大。為了降低農(nóng)戶(hù)生態(tài)足跡,在生活消費(fèi)方面,農(nóng)村地區(qū)應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)使用清潔能源,提高農(nóng)民的節(jié)能環(huán)保意識(shí),樹(shù)立正確的消費(fèi)觀(guān)念;在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方面,要減少對(duì)農(nóng)藥和化肥的依賴(lài),多使用綠色有機(jī)肥料,對(duì)農(nóng)田進(jìn)行科學(xué)化管理,從而提高糧食和耕地質(zhì)量,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the contradiction between resources, environment and economic development is becoming more and more prominent, which has caused a series of serious ecological environmental problems, and has brought severe challenges to the survival and development of human beings. At present, the rural population of China is 674 million, accounting for 50.322.The peasant household is the main behavior subject in the countryside, and its production and life style and consumption structure are the important factors that affect the environment. With the development of rural economy and the improvement of rural life quality, farmers' demand for resources and waste emissions are increasing, which leads to the deterioration of environmental quality in rural areas. The safety of domestic water and soil is seriously threatened. The countryside is the key and difficult point of sustainable development in our country, and it is also the area that our country pays close attention to in recent years. The research on the influence of the mode of production, the consumption structure and the income level of the peasant household on the resource demand, etc. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of rural areas to find out the main factors that affect the environment. In this paper, 14 villages in seven towns in the suburbs of Yaodu District, Linfen City, were selected as the research objects, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the life, energy consumption and agricultural production of the farmers. Based on the survey data, the ecological footprint of rural households in suburbs is calculated by using ecological footprint model, and the composition of household ecological footprint and the relationship between household and ecological footprint with different income levels are analyzed. Finally, SPSS software is used to analyze the influencing factors of household ecological footprint. According to the data analysis of the investigation, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) the per capita ecological footprint of rural households in Yaodu District of Linfen City is 1.5124gha2/, the per capita ecological carrying capacity is 0.5986gha2/, and the per capita ecological deficit is 0.9138gha2/. Per capita ecological occupation is 2.53 times of per capita ecological support capacity. (2) in the composition of ecological occupation, cultivated land occupies the largest proportion of productive land area, accounting for 53.66% of the total per capita ecological occupation. The per capita ecological occupation of peasant households is mainly composed of two parts: the ecological occupation of household life consumption and the ecological occupation of agricultural production. The per capita ecological footprint of household living consumption and agricultural production accounted for 61.19% and 38.81% of the total per capita ecological footprint, respectively. Among all kinds of consumer goods, the proportion of the ecological footprint of fossil energy consumption is the largest, followed by the ecological footprint of fertilizer and food consumption. (3) among the households with different income levels, the middle income families have the highest per capita ecological footprint. The lowest income households have the lowest ecological footprint per capita; In the difference study, the Gini coefficient of peasant households in the suburb area of Linfen is 0.39, which belongs to a relatively reasonable range. This indicates that the ecological footprint of the households in this area is relatively balanced. (4) the main factors affecting the ecological footprint of households per capita based on the multivariate linear regression model are the area of family cultivated land and the area of family building. The area of family cultivated land is the most important factor affecting the ecological footprint of local farmers. The larger the area of family cultivated land, the more pesticides and fertilizers consumed, which leads to the increase of ecological footprint. In order to reduce the ecological footprint of farmers, rural areas should advocate the use of clean energy, improve farmers' awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, and establish a correct consumption concept. In the aspect of agricultural production, we should reduce the dependence on pesticides and fertilizers, use more green organic fertilizers, and manage farmland scientifically, so as to improve the quality of grain and cultivated land, and finally realize the sustainable development of the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F327;X22

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