【摘要】：中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)由于其內(nèi)部適宜的溫濕度條件而極易滋生微生物,在空調(diào)啟動階段,隨著對室內(nèi)的持續(xù)送風(fēng),原來風(fēng)管內(nèi)部殘留空氣所攜帶的微生物氣溶膠會進入室內(nèi),進而影響人體健康。針對這種問題,本論文基于前人所檢測的具體數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)氣溶膠顆粒運動的原理與方式,研究了風(fēng)管內(nèi)部微生物氣溶膠進入室內(nèi)后的傳播情況。通過統(tǒng)計室內(nèi)不同位置人員所接觸到的氣溶膠顆粒數(shù)量,以及對比不同氣流組織形式下室內(nèi)氣溶膠的分布特點,為進一步研究改善集中式中央空調(diào)室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量提供理論基礎(chǔ)。通過數(shù)值模擬空調(diào)啟動階段室內(nèi)微生物氣溶膠的傳播情況,得到的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)在空調(diào)開啟15min后室內(nèi)滯留的微生物氣溶膠量已經(jīng)很少,此時風(fēng)管內(nèi)部滯留空氣所攜帶的微生物對人體的影響已經(jīng)很小。4μm和15μm的微生物氣溶膠顆粒的變化趨勢比較一致,而30μm的微生物氣溶膠在大約經(jīng)歷5min之后,室內(nèi)數(shù)量基本保持不變,其主要的狀態(tài)為沉積于地面。(2)在三種不同粒徑的微生物氣溶膠顆粒的對比中,15μm的顆粒物在每個時間段接觸到人體的數(shù)量最多,可以推測15μm的氣溶膠所攜帶的微生物對人體產(chǎn)生的危害相比另外兩種最大。(3)在空調(diào)開啟階段的20s~80s時間段內(nèi)人員接觸到微生物氣溶膠數(shù)量最多,在采用的三種氣流組織模擬中人員平均的暴露量最大時間均為30s時間點,說明此時室內(nèi)人員處在高密度的微生物氣溶膠顆粒物環(huán)境中,期間假如微生物氣溶膠所攜帶有高危細(xì)菌、病毒等,人員最容易接觸而感染。凈化器設(shè)備由于機械設(shè)備參與氣流組織,室內(nèi)的微生物氣溶膠量減少速度快,所以人員的暴露量最大值與另外兩種情況相比都小。(4)在所采用的三種不同的氣流組織形式中,遠(yuǎn)離回風(fēng)口的工作人員在空調(diào)開啟階段所接觸的總體數(shù)量與其他位置相比都是最高的,而處于房間中間位置的工作人員,在整個過程中所接觸到的微生物數(shù)量最少。采用開門窗通風(fēng)的方式可以很大程度地減少房間內(nèi)各個位置人員所接觸到的微生物氣溶膠顆粒的數(shù)量,而采用凈化器的措施,可以在時間上快速反應(yīng),但是最終效果沒有開門窗的方式明顯。本課題基于非穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下對室內(nèi)微生物氣溶膠污染物在房間的分布擴散特性進行數(shù)值模擬研究。根據(jù)不同時刻、不同位置微生物氣溶膠的分布狀態(tài),可以預(yù)知室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量較差的區(qū)域,提醒人員避免由于吸入過多的有害氣體而損害健康。通過分析不同去除室內(nèi)微生物污染的方式,對人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺覂?nèi)空氣質(zhì)量的改善措施方面提供相關(guān)操作依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The central air conditioning system is easy to breed microorganisms because of its suitable temperature and humidity conditions. In the starting stage of the air conditioning system, with the continuous indoor air supply, the microorganism aerosol carried by the residual air in the original air duct will enter the room. And then affect human health. In order to solve this problem, the propagation of microbial aerosol in air duct was studied according to the principle and mode of aerosol particle movement based on the specific data detected by predecessors. By counting the number of aerosol particles in different positions and comparing the distribution characteristics of indoor aerosols in different air distribution forms, this paper provides a theoretical basis for further research on the improvement of indoor air quality of centralized central air conditioning system. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the amount of microorganism aerosol remaining in the room after 15min is turned on is very small. At this time, the microbes carried by the retained air in the duct have little effect on the human body. 4 渭 m and 15 渭 m microorganism aerosol particles have the same change trend, while the 30 渭 m microorganism aerosol has experienced 5min. The number of indoor particles remained basically unchanged, and the main state was deposition on the ground. (2) in the comparison of three kinds of microorganism aerosol particles of different diameters, 15 渭 m particles were most exposed to human body in each time period. It can be inferred that 15 渭 m aerosol carries the most harmful microbes than the other two. (3) the number of microorganism aerosols exposed to the aerosol is the highest in the 20s~80s period of the open air conditioning phase. In the three airflow simulation, the average maximum exposure time was 30 s, which indicated that the indoor personnel were in high density microorganism aerosol particulate environment. During the microbial aerosol carries high-risk bacteria, viruses and so on, personnel are most susceptible to contact and infection. Due to the participation of mechanical equipment in air distribution, the amount of microbial aerosol in the room decreases rapidly. Therefore, the maximum exposure of personnel is smaller than that of the other two cases. (4) in the three different airflow patterns used, The total number of workers away from the air outlet in the air conditioning opening stage is the highest compared with the other positions, while the staff in the middle of the room is the least exposed to the microorganism in the whole process. Opening doors and windows can greatly reduce the number of microbial aerosol particles exposed to people at various locations in the room, while the use of purifiers can react quickly in time. But the final effect is not obvious in the way doors and windows are opened. In this paper, the distribution and diffusion characteristics of indoor microbial aerosol pollutants in the room are numerically simulated based on the unsteady condition. According to the distribution state of microbial aerosol at different time and position, we can predict the area of poor indoor air quality, and remind people to avoid damaging health by inhaling too much harmful gas. By analyzing the different ways of removing indoor microbial pollution, this paper provides the relevant operation basis for the improvement of indoor air quality in people's daily life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU83;X513

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