發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-22 18:43

【摘要】：土壤是人類(lèi)賴(lài)以生存的主要自然資源,也是人類(lèi)生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要組成部分。隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,土壤-植物-環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中重金屬的污染日益嚴(yán)重。近年來(lái),無(wú)論在中國(guó)還是在世界范圍內(nèi),如何控制和減輕重金屬對(duì)環(huán)境的污染和危害已成為一個(gè)日益突出的問(wèn)題。本課題以凹凸棒為原材料,按不同的酸改性時(shí)間12h、24h、36h、48h、72h、96h和108h,不同的H_2SO_4體積分?jǐn)?shù)2.5%、5%、7.5%、10%、12.5%、15%、20%制備酸改性凹凸棒鈍化劑49種。采用重金屬污染土壤鈍化實(shí)驗(yàn)、玉米植物重金屬富集實(shí)驗(yàn),挑選出5種最優(yōu)酸改性凹凸棒重金屬鈍化劑。通過(guò)重金屬污染土壤鈍化實(shí)驗(yàn),分析研究酸改性凹凸棒鈍化劑對(duì)污染土壤重金屬的鈍化效果。這對(duì)于研究重金屬污染土壤的原位鈍化修復(fù)有重要意義,為大規(guī)模土壤重金屬修復(fù)提供依據(jù),同時(shí)為地方特色礦產(chǎn)資源的高端產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用提供新方法。(1)不同種類(lèi)的酸改性凹凸棒分別對(duì)重金屬Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni污染土壤鈍化處理,重金屬Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni的酸溶態(tài)含量隨酸處理H_2SO_4體積分?jǐn)?shù)的變化總體上均呈先下降后上升的趨勢(shì);重金屬Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni的酸溶態(tài)含量隨酸改性時(shí)間的變化總體上均呈先下降后上升的趨勢(shì)。(2)酸改性H_2SO_4體積分?jǐn)?shù)顯著影響玉米重金屬Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni的富集含量;酸改性時(shí)間顯著影響玉米重金屬Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni的富集含量。(3)選出5種最優(yōu)酸改性凹凸棒重金屬鈍化劑S45、S54、S55、S56、S65,酸改性條件:H_2SO_4體積分?jǐn)?shù)分別為10%、12.5%、12.5%、12.5%、15%,酸改性時(shí)間分別為72 h、48 h、72 h、96 h、72 h。(4)重金屬污染土壤的pH隨5種鈍化劑添加量的增加而減小,但均低于對(duì)照組的pH值;鈍化劑添加處理組EC值均高于對(duì)照組的EC值,同時(shí)均隨添加量的增加而升高。(5)污染土壤中重金屬Cu、Zn、Ni水溶態(tài)含量隨鈍化劑添加量的增加先減小后趨于穩(wěn)定,鈍化劑添加量顯著影響對(duì)重金屬Cu、Zn、Ni水溶態(tài)含量,同時(shí)Cu、Zn、Ni水溶態(tài)含量最低時(shí)與對(duì)照組相比分別降低了47.69%、63.17%、83.65%。(6)污染土壤中重金屬Cu、Zn、Ni的DTPA提取態(tài)均隨鈍化劑添加量的增加先減小后趨于穩(wěn)定,鈍化劑添加量顯著影響對(duì)重金屬Cu、Zn、Ni的DTPA提取態(tài)含量,同時(shí)Cu、Zn、Ni的DTPA提取態(tài)最低時(shí)與對(duì)照組相比分別降低了23.31%、45.93%、61.45%。(7)隨著5種鈍化劑添加量的增加實(shí)際污染土壤中重金屬Cu的酸溶態(tài)和還原態(tài)含量顯著減小,Cu的氧化態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量顯著增加;重金屬Zn的酸溶態(tài)和氧化態(tài)含量顯著減小,Zn的還原態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量顯著增加;重金屬Ni的酸溶態(tài)含量顯著減小,Ni的還原態(tài)、氧化態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量顯著增加。重金屬遷移率大小為CuZnNi,污染土壤中重金屬Cu、Zn、Ni的遷移率隨酸改性凹凸棒重金屬鈍化劑添加量的增加而逐漸降低,同時(shí)鈍化劑添加量顯著影響重金屬Cu、Zn、Ni遷移率。
[Abstract]:Soil is not only the main natural resource for human survival, but also an important part of human ecological environment. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the pollution of heavy metals in soil-plant-environment system is becoming more and more serious. In recent years, whether in China or in the world, how to control and reduce the pollution and harm of heavy metals to the environment has become an increasingly prominent problem. In this subject, attapulgite was used as the raw material, and in accordance with the different modification time of 12h ~ 24h ~ (36h) ~ 48h ~ _ 49 kinds of acid-modified attapulgite passivator were prepared by 20%. Five optimal acid modified attapulgite heavy metal passivators were selected by experiments of heavy metal polluted soil passivation and maize plant heavy metal enrichment. The effects of acid-modified attapulgite passivator on heavy metal passivation in contaminated soil were studied by experiments. This is of great significance for the study of in situ passivation and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils, and provides a basis for the remediation of heavy metals on a large scale. At the same time, it provides a new method for the development and application of high-end products of local characteristic mineral resources. (1) different kinds of acid-modified attapulgite are used to passivate heavy metal Cu,Cr,Zn,Ni contaminated soil and heavy metal Cu,Cr,Zn, respectively. The acid soluble state content of Ni decreased first and then increased with the change of H_2SO_4 volume fraction. The acid soluble content of heavy metal Cu,Cr,Zn,Ni decreased first and then increased with the change of modification time. (2) the content of Cu,Cr,Zn,Ni in maize was significantly affected by the volume fraction of acid-modified H_2SO_4. The concentration of heavy metal Cu,Cr,Zn,Ni in maize was significantly affected by the time of acid modification. (3) five optimal acid modified attapulgite heavy metal passivators S45OS5OS5OS5OS5C65 were selected. The acid modification conditions were as follows: the volume fraction of H_2SO_4 was 10% and 12.5%, respectively. The modification time of acid was 72 h ~ 48 h ~ 72 h ~ 96 h, respectively. 72h. (4) the pH of heavy metal contaminated soil decreased with the increase of the amount of five passivating agents, but lower than the pH value of the control group. The EC value of the passivator added treatment group was higher than that of the control group, and both of the EC values increased with the increase of the amount of the passivating agent. (5) the water soluble content of Cu,Zn,Ni in polluted soil decreased first and then stabilized with the increase of the amount of the passivating agent. The addition of passivator significantly affected the water soluble content of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Ni, and the lowest content of Cu,Zn,Ni decreased 47.69% 63.17%, respectively, compared with the control group. (6) the DTPA extractions of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Ni in polluted soil decreased first and then stabilized with the increase of the amount of passivating agent. The addition of passivating agent significantly affected the content of DTPA extract of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Ni and Cu,. Compared with the control group, the DTPA extraction state of Zn,Ni was 23.31% lower than that of the control group, 45.93% lower than that of the control group. (7) with the increase of the amount of five passivating agents, the acid soluble and reductive state contents of heavy metal Cu in polluted soil decreased significantly, while the oxidation state and residual state content of Cu increased significantly; The content of acid soluble state and oxidized state of heavy metal Zn decreased significantly, the content of reducing state and residue state of Zn increased significantly, the content of acid soluble state of heavy metal Ni decreased significantly, the content of oxidized state and residual state of Ni increased significantly. The mobility of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Ni in CuZnNi, contaminated soil decreased with the increase of the amount of heavy metal passivator in acid-modified attapulgite, and the amount of passivating agent significantly affected the mobility of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Ni.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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