【摘要】：公共服務(wù)設(shè)施空間布局研究較早即受到關(guān)注,公共廁所(以下簡(jiǎn)稱為“公廁”)作為城市公共服務(wù)設(shè)施的重要組成部分,是為公眾提供服務(wù)的不可或缺的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。尤其是在國(guó)家提出生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、環(huán)境建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)等的城市發(fā)展提出了新要求新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大背景下,不斷完善城市環(huán)境衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),積極營(yíng)造均衡公平的公共服務(wù)設(shè)施供給氛圍,努力提高居民的出行舒適性成為一種迫切的需求。在寧波市城市總體規(guī)劃(2006-2020年)(2015年修訂)中對(duì)寧波的城市環(huán)境衛(wèi)生公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)提出了更高的要求,預(yù)計(jì)到2020年市區(qū)公廁能夠達(dá)到2800人/座標(biāo)準(zhǔn),能夠更好的滿足公眾需求。城市公共服務(wù)設(shè)施研究一直是城市研究的重點(diǎn),涵蓋設(shè)施類型豐富,如醫(yī)療、教育、零售業(yè)、避難場(chǎng)所、市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)、污水處理廠等)等。以往研究中對(duì)明顯影響居民生活的設(shè)施關(guān)注較多,而對(duì)與居民生活切身相關(guān)、分布廣泛但設(shè)施自身服務(wù)范圍較小的公廁空間布局的研究則關(guān)注較少。公廁作為環(huán)境衛(wèi)生設(shè)施必需的組成部分,其區(qū)位布局的均衡性、公平性關(guān)系著居民出行的舒適度,因此,公廁區(qū)位優(yōu)化研究是城市公共服務(wù)設(shè)施優(yōu)化布局不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)。本研究對(duì)寧波市江東區(qū)公廁的空間布局特征及其不足展開(kāi)分析,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容為:(1)通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)研,對(duì)研究區(qū)內(nèi)公廁的現(xiàn)狀布局進(jìn)行分析,歸納公廁分布特點(diǎn)及不足;(2)根據(jù)調(diào)研中研究區(qū)公廁分布不足,利用GIS中區(qū)位-配置模型對(duì)研究區(qū)公廁重新進(jìn)行區(qū)位選址,初步優(yōu)化公廁空間布局。(3)對(duì)優(yōu)化后公廁區(qū)位進(jìn)行可達(dá)性和公平性評(píng)價(jià)。最終得到江東區(qū)公廁最優(yōu)空間布局方案:保留研究區(qū)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有設(shè)施較好的44座公廁,調(diào)整63所,新增7所。調(diào)整方案降低了中心城區(qū)公廁過(guò)度集中的現(xiàn)象,增加了人口分布相對(duì)稀疏地區(qū)公廁數(shù)量。公廁設(shè)施服務(wù)能力向人口居住相對(duì)分散地區(qū)的適度外溢,整體上提高了研究區(qū)內(nèi)居民入廁可達(dá)性水平和公廁設(shè)施服務(wù)公平性。
[Abstract]:As an important part of urban public service facilities, public toilets (hereinafter referred to as "public toilets") are indispensable environmental sanitation facilities for providing services to the public. Especially in the key period when the country put forward the construction of ecological civilization, and against the background of the new requirements and new standards for the urban development of economic construction, environmental construction, cultural construction, etc., the infrastructure construction of urban environmental health has been continuously improved. It is an urgent need to create a balanced and fair atmosphere for the supply of public service facilities and to improve the travel comfort of residents. In Ningbo's urban master plan (2006-2020) (revised in 2015), higher requirements have been put forward for the construction of public facilities for urban environmental hygiene in Ningbo. It is estimated that by 2020, the public toilets in urban areas will reach the standard of 2800 people per seat. To better meet the needs of the public. Urban public service facilities have been the focus of urban research, covering a variety of facilities, such as health care, education, retail, shelter, municipal infrastructure (landfills, sewage treatment plants, etc.). In the previous studies, more attention has been paid to the facilities that obviously affect the residents' lives, but less attention has been paid to the layout of public toilets which are closely related to the residents' lives and are widely distributed but whose service scope is relatively small. Public toilets as an essential part of environmental sanitation facilities, the balance of its location layout, fairness related to the comfort of residents travel, therefore, the study of public toilets location optimization is an indispensable link in the optimal layout of urban public service facilities. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) through field investigation, the present situation of public toilets in the study area is analyzed, and the distribution characteristics and shortcomings of public toilets are summarized. (2) according to the insufficient distribution of public toilets in the research area, the location of public toilets in the study area was re-located by using the location-allocation model of GIS. (3) to evaluate the accessibility and fairness of public toilets after optimization. Finally, the optimal layout of public toilets in Jiangdong District was obtained: 44 public toilets with better facilities were retained, 63 latrines were adjusted, and 7 public toilets were added. The adjustment scheme reduces the phenomenon of excessive concentration of public toilets in central urban areas and increases the number of public toilets in relatively sparsely populated areas. The moderate spillover of public toilet facilities service capacity to the relatively dispersed population improved the level of access to toilets and the fairness of public toilet facilities service in the study area as a whole.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU993

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