【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,近年來(lái),“京津冀”、“長(zhǎng)三角”、“珠三角”以及成渝城市群,均爆發(fā)過(guò)比較嚴(yán)重的霧霾天氣。空氣污染已成為我國(guó)城市最為突出的環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一。隨著城市化進(jìn)程的深入推進(jìn),大量的建筑工地產(chǎn)生的揚(yáng)塵己成為大氣顆粒物的重要來(lái)源,重慶市也不例外;但有關(guān)重慶市建筑揚(yáng)塵排放特征的相關(guān)研究較少,針對(duì)其排放因子的研究更為少見(jiàn),因此,本研究針對(duì)重慶市典型建筑施工工地,即兩江新區(qū)禮嘉的重慶市環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)園建筑工地,在土方開(kāi)挖、地基建設(shè)、一般建設(shè)及土方回填等三個(gè)不同施工階段,系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展其揚(yáng)塵排放特征和污染水平的研究,以期能為政府相關(guān)管理部門(mén)制定建筑揚(yáng)塵控制對(duì)策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。首先,對(duì)各施工階段的揚(yáng)塵濃度和氣象參數(shù)進(jìn)行了連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)建筑揚(yáng)塵濃度隨時(shí)間的演變進(jìn)行了分析,并對(duì)影響建筑揚(yáng)塵濃度的因素進(jìn)行了討論。其次,采用通量計(jì)算方法建立了不同施工階段的初始排放因子;利用模型校正的方法得到了不同施工階段的揚(yáng)塵排放因子。再次,同步采集了不同施工階段的PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)濾膜樣品,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了元素組分分析、水溶性離子組分及有機(jī)碳/元素碳(OC/EC)組分測(cè)試分析,獲得了相應(yīng)的化學(xué)組分特征,并對(duì)PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)化學(xué)組分進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。研究表明:(1)地基開(kāi)挖階段,建筑揚(yáng)塵凈濃度排放主要集中在中午12時(shí)至半夜4時(shí);地基建設(shè)階段,建筑揚(yáng)塵凈濃度排放主要集中在早上8時(shí)至晚上23時(shí);一般建設(shè)及土方回填階段揚(yáng)塵凈濃度排放主要集中早上8時(shí)至下午18時(shí)。建筑揚(yáng)塵凈濃度受氣象條件的影響明顯,其凈濃度與風(fēng)速、相對(duì)濕度呈顯著正相關(guān),與溫度呈弱相關(guān)。(2)不同施工階段建筑揚(yáng)塵排放因子為土方開(kāi)挖階段為0.25 g/(m2.h),地基建設(shè)階段為0.09 g/(m2.h),一般建設(shè)及土方回填階段為0.07 g/(m2.h)。(3)一般建設(shè)及土方回填階段,元素組分以Si、S、Ca、Fe、Zn等凈含量較高;水溶性離子組分以Ca2+、Na+、SO42-、NO3-凈含量較高,其中,地基建設(shè)階段NO3-凈含量最高;地基開(kāi)挖階段SO42-凈含量最高;一般建設(shè)與土方回填階段Ca2+凈含量最高;各施工階段建筑揚(yáng)塵碳組分凈含量OC均高于EC。(4)在地基開(kāi)挖階段,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)的平均比值為0.496;在地基建設(shè)階段,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)的平均比值為0.595;在一般建設(shè)階段及土方回填階段,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)的比值為0.661。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, in recent years, "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei", "Yangtze River Delta", "Pearl River Delta" and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration have all experienced severe haze weather. Air pollution has become one of the most prominent environmental problems in Chinese cities. With the further development of urbanization, the dust produced by a large number of construction sites has become an important source of atmospheric particulate matter, Chongqing is no exception; However, there are few studies on the characteristics of dust emission from buildings in Chongqing, especially on the emission factors. Therefore, this study is aimed at typical construction sites in Chongqing. That is, at the construction site of Chongqing Environmental Protection Industrial Park in Lijia, Lijiang New District, three different construction stages, namely, earthwork excavation, foundation construction, general construction and earthwork backfilling, were systematically carried out to study the characteristics of dust emission and pollution levels. In order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the relevant government management departments to formulate the countermeasures of building dust control. Firstly, the dust concentration and meteorological parameters of each construction stage are continuously monitored, the evolution of building dust concentration with time is analyzed, and the factors influencing the building dust concentration are discussed. Secondly, the initial emission factors of different construction stages are established by using flux calculation method, and the dust emission factors of different construction stages are obtained by using model correction method. Thirdly, the samples of PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5) filter membranes in different construction stages were simultaneously collected, and their elemental components, water-soluble ion components and organic carbon / elemental carbon (OC/EC) components were analyzed. The chemical components of PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5) were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) in the excavation stage of the foundation, the net concentration of building dust is mainly discharged from 12:00 to 4 midnight, and in the stage of foundation construction, the emission of building dust concentration is mainly from 8 am to 23:00; General construction and earthwork backfill stage dust concentration emission mainly concentrated from 8 am to 18:00. The net concentration of building dust was obviously affected by meteorological conditions, and its net concentration was positively correlated with wind speed and relative humidity. (2) the emission factor of building dust in different construction stage is 0.25 g / (m ~ 2 路h) in excavation stage and 0.09 g / (m ~ 2 路h) in foundation construction stage. The average construction and earthwork backfill stage is 0.07 g / (m ~ 2 路h). (_ 3), and the net content of elements such as Si,S,Ca,Fe,Zn is higher. The net content of Ca2, Na, SO42-,NO3- is higher in the water soluble ions, among which, the net content of NO3- is the highest in the foundation construction stage, the highest in the foundation excavation stage, the highest in the general construction and earthwork backfill stage. The net content of carbon component of building dust in each construction stage is higher than that of EC. (4) in the excavation stage of foundation, the average ratio of PM_ (2.5) / PM_ (10) is 0.496; The average ratio of PM_ (2.5) / PM_ (10) is 0.595in foundation construction stage, and the ratio of PM_ (2.5) / PM_ (10) is 0.661in general construction stage and earthwork backfill stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X799.1

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