【摘要】：洱海是我國典型的富營養(yǎng)化初期湖泊,入湖污染物主要來源于流域西部和北部。大理州以農(nóng)業(yè)為主,農(nóng)業(yè)種植模式以大蒜-水稻、蠶豆-水稻、蔬菜-蔬菜為主,化肥的大量施用導(dǎo)致農(nóng)田殘留氮磷較多,在雨水沖刷下,農(nóng)田中大量氮磷流失,成為洱海流域污染物的主要來源。本課題以洱海流域農(nóng)田低污染水及降雨徑流為研究對象,探究進(jìn)水硝酸鹽氮濃度(Nitrate Concentration,ρ(NO_3~--N))分別為1、5和10 mg/L時,海菜花濕地對低污染水的處理效率及海菜花生長情況。并通過改變沖擊過程濕地出水水位,建立4組海菜花調(diào)蓄濕地,研究非調(diào)蓄濕地(Non-Regulated Ottelia Acuminata Constructed Wetlands,NROCWs)和調(diào)蓄濕地(Regulated Ottelia Acuminata Constructed Wetlands,ROCWs)在水力沖擊負(fù)荷分別為0.50、0.75和1.00 m3/(m2·d)時,模擬低污染水、降雨初期徑流及降雨徑流沖擊后NROCWs和ROCWs對污水中氮磷的去除效果。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)進(jìn)水ρ(NO_3~--N)(平均值±方差)為1.52±0.48、5.62±0.41和9.78±0.24mg/L時,濕地運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定后出水ρ(NO_3~--N)分別為0.24、0.30和0.55 mg/L,去除率分別為87.26%、94.98%和94.48%,海菜花濕地能有效去除低污染水中的硝氮;(2)進(jìn)水ρ(NO_3~--N)為1.52±0.48 mg/L和5.62±0.41 mg/L時,海菜花在濕地中可正常生長;海菜花對硝氮有一定的耐受性,但ρ(NO_3~--N)較高(9.78±0.24mg/L)時對海菜花生長具有明顯抑制作用。洱海流域為低污染水,其ρ(NO_3~--N)低于5 mg/L,上述結(jié)果表明:海菜花可作為濕地植物處理洱海低污染水;(3)沖擊負(fù)荷為0.50 m3/(m2·d)時,ROCWs出水氮磷在10天內(nèi)達(dá)穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),穩(wěn)定時間均小于NROCWs,沖擊負(fù)荷為0.75 m3/(m2·d)和1.00 m3/(m2·d)時,ROCWs和NROCWs后期恢復(fù)時間均大于10天;(4)沖擊負(fù)荷為0.50 m3/(m2·d)和0.75 m3/(m2·d),沖擊時間為1天時,ROCWs對氮磷的截留率分別達(dá)50%和57%以上,比NROCWs高3~28%;沖擊結(jié)束后10天內(nèi)ROCWs對氮磷的去除量均高于NROCWs。綜合考慮,調(diào)蓄體積為濕地有效體積1/3,降雨徑流量產(chǎn)生的沖擊負(fù)荷小于0.75 m3/(m2·d),且沖擊時間小于1天時,ROCWs對徑流中氮磷去除可達(dá)50%以上;(5)濕地在試驗期間產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益為3.95×104元/(hm2·a),經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較好,降雨沖擊過程對海菜花生長影響較小,濕地在處理低污染水時可以選用海菜花作為濕地植物,但濕地運(yùn)行期間需對海菜花進(jìn)行維護(hù),使海菜花在濕地中占絕對優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:Erhai Lake is a typical eutrophication lake in China. In Dali Prefecture, agriculture is dominated by agriculture, while garlic rice, broad bean and rice, vegetables and vegetables are the main patterns of agricultural cultivation. The heavy application of chemical fertilizers leads to more nitrogen and phosphorus residues in farmland. Under Rain Water's scouring, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is lost in farmland. It has become the main source of pollutants in Erhai River Basin. In this paper, the low pollution water and rainfall runoff in Erhai Basin were used as the research objects, and the (Nitrate Concentration, 蟻 (NO_3~--N) of the influent nitrate nitrogen concentration was 1 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively, when the nitrate concentration in the water was 1 ~ 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Treatment efficiency of low pollution water and growth of sea cauliflower in sea cauliflower wetland. By changing the effluent water level of wetland during impact, four groups of sea cauliflower storage wetland were established, and the unregulated wetland (Non-Regulated Ottelia Acuminata Constructed Wetlands,NROCWs) and regulated wetland (Regulated Ottelia Acuminata Constructed Wetlands, were studied. When the hydraulic shock load was 0.50m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2 ~ 2) d), the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater was simulated by simulating low pollution water, initial runoff and NROCWs and ROCWs after rainfall runoff impact. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) when the influent 蟻 (NO_3~--N) (mean 鹵variance) is 1.52 鹵0.48U 5.62 鹵0.41 and 9.78 鹵0.24mg/L, The removal rates of 蟻 (NO_3~--N) of outlet water were 87.2694. 98% and 94. 48% respectively after the wetland operation was stable, and the removal rates of 蟻 (NO_3~--N) were 0. 24 and 0. 55 mg/L, respectively. Sea cauliflower wetland can effectively remove nitrate from low pollution water. (2) when the influent 蟻 (NO_3~--N) was 1. 52 鹵0. 48 mg/L and 5. 62 鹵0. 41 mg/L, cauliflower could grow normally in the wetland; Sea cauliflower has some tolerance to nitrate nitrogen, but 蟻 (NO_3~--N) is higher (9.78 鹵0.24mg/L) has obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of sea cauliflower. The 蟻 (NO_3~--N) of Erhai Basin is lower than 5 mg/L,. The results show that cauliflower can be used as wetland plant to treat low pollution water in Erhai Lake. (3) when the impact load was 0.50 m3 / (m2 d), the effluent nitrogen and phosphorus of ROCWs reached a stable state within 10 days, and the stabilization time was less than that of 0.75 m3 / (m 2 d) and 1.00 m 3 / (m 2 d) of NROCWs, impact load. The late recovery time of ROCWs and NROCWs was more than 10 days. (4) when the impact load was 0.50 m3 / (m2 d) and 0.75 m3 / (m2 d), impact time was 1 day), the rejection rate of ROCWs to nitrogen and phosphorus reached more than 50% and 57% respectively, which was higher than that of NROCWs. The removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by ROCWs was higher than that of NROCWs. within 10 days after impact. When the storage volume is about 1 / 3 of the effective volume of the wetland, the impact load caused by rainfall runoff is less than 0.75 m3 / (m2 d),) and the impact time is less than 1 day, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff by ROCWs can reach more than 50%. (5) the economic benefit of wetland during the experiment is 3.95 脳 10 ~ 4 yuan / (hm2 a),) is good, the effect of rainfall impact on the growth of sea cauliflower is small, the wetland can choose sea cauliflower as wetland plant when treating low pollution water. However, it is necessary to maintain sea cauliflower during wetland operation to make sea cauliflower take the absolute advantage in wetland.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

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