【摘要】：本文針對激光雷達和大氣顆粒散射性質(zhì)做了以下研究:(1)對課題的研究背景做了簡單的介紹,重點講述了激光雷達的分類及特點,以及PM2.5監(jiān)測方法及其相應的優(yōu)勢和探測大氣氣溶膠的發(fā)展歷程和現(xiàn)狀。(2)主要介紹了高斯光束的特點以及在真空中的傳輸特性,講述了大氣的組成成分,以及大氣氣溶膠與光子的相互作用,重點講述了Mie散射理論,詳細講解了利用蒙特卡羅方法建立光傳輸?shù)哪Ｐ秃虲CD原理。(3)根據(jù)側向散射激光雷達方程和Mie散射理論,建立了PM2.5濃度與側向散射光強的關系模型,提出了一種基于CCD實時監(jiān)測近地面PM2.5濃度的方法。設計了以波長為532nm的激光器為光源,CCD為接收器的側向散射激光雷達裝置,利用該裝置測量了散射角在o o15~45之間側向散射回波信號圖。對比賽默飛世爾科技公司的PM2.5濃度測量儀SHARP測得的數(shù)據(jù),擬合了PM2.5濃度與3個灰度等級光總能量模型,擬合度均在0.97以上。該裝置具有操作便利,移動便捷,實時監(jiān)測,成本較低的特點,在近地面比后向散射激光雷達具有更高的精度與實用性,有助于了解PM2.5的污染情況,建立PM2.5的運動趨勢并進一步得到污染地圖。(4)為反演大氣側向散射系數(shù)廓線,測量了散射角在o o33~145范圍內(nèi)的大氣側向散射光強。提出了一種有效降低實驗噪聲的新方法,并繪制了六種原始回波信號偽彩圖,將空間散射角轉化為平面散射角,從而找到了一種處理CCD像元與散射角對應關系的新方法,大大簡化了計算。為研究激光探測水平方向大氣氣溶膠的多次散射問題,本文建立了基于蒙特卡羅的側向散射激光雷達仿真模型,利用半解析的蒙特卡羅方法和嚴格的仿真參數(shù),得到了光子檢測器接收的光子總權重歸一化值的空間分布規(guī)律,對比側向散射激光雷達實驗處理結果,兩個具有相近的趨勢并且吻合度較高,這能給借助激光雷達探測大氣氣溶膠提供了一定理論指導和預測作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the characteristics of lidar and atmospheric particle scattering are studied as follows: (1) the research background of the subject is introduced briefly, and the classification and characteristics of lidar are emphasized. The PM2.5 monitoring method and its relative advantages as well as the development and present situation of atmospheric aerosol detection are introduced. (2) the characteristics of Gao Si beam and its propagation in vacuum are introduced, and the composition of atmosphere is described. And the interaction between atmospheric aerosols and photons, the theory of Mie scattering is emphasized, and the model of light propagation using Monte Carlo method and the principle of CCD are explained in detail. (3) according to the Lidar equation of lateral scattering and the theory of Mie scattering, A model of the relationship between the concentration of PM2.5 and the intensity of lateral scattering light is established, and a method of real-time monitoring the concentration of PM2.5 near the ground based on CCD is proposed. A side scattering laser radar device with wavelength 532nm laser as light source and CCD as receiver is designed. The scattering angle between o 1545 and o 1545 is measured by this device. The data obtained from the PM2.5 concentration measuring instrument SHARP of Commevier Technology Company are fitted with the total energy models of PM2.5 concentration and three grayscale grades, and the fitting degree is above 0.97. The device has the advantages of convenient operation, convenient movement, real-time monitoring and low cost. It has higher accuracy and practicability than backscattering lidar near the ground, and is helpful to understand the pollution of PM2.5. The movement trend of PM2.5 is established and the pollution map is obtained. (4) in order to retrieve the profile of atmospheric lateral scattering coefficient, the intensity of atmospheric lateral scattering light with scattering angle in the range of o _ (33) ~ (145) is measured. In this paper, a new method for reducing experimental noise is proposed, and six original pseudo-color images of echo signal are drawn. The spatial scattering angle is transformed into plane scattering angle, and a new method to deal with the relation between CCD pixel and scattering angle is found. The calculation is greatly simplified. In order to study the problem of multiple scattering of atmospheric aerosols in horizontal direction by laser detection, a simulation model of Lidar based on Monte Carlo is established in this paper. The semi-analytical Monte Carlo method and strict simulation parameters are used. The spatial distribution of the normalized value of the total photon weight received by the photon detector is obtained. Compared with the experimental results of the Lidar, the two have similar trends and the degree of agreement is high. This can provide some theoretical guidance and prediction for atmospheric aerosol detection with lidar.
【學位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X831;TN958.98

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