呼倫湖沉積物中金屬元素的沉積記錄及其污染評估
[Abstract]:Hulun Lake is a post station for migratory birds in Oceania and Northeast Asia, and also a "prairie pearl" regulating the climate of northern China. However, with the rapid development of human society and economy, the water environment of Hulun Lake is deteriorating day by day, which has affected the health of lake ecosystem. As an important carrier of pollutants in lakes, sediment can record the changes of lake environment in a long time series, which is of great significance to the study of lake pollution history. In this paper, the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments are analyzed, and the deterministic land accumulation index and potential ecological risk method are used to study the sediments of Hulun Lake. The environmental risk of heavy metals is evaluated based on geochemical baseline value and geoaccumulation index based on blind number theory. The sediment age series is established by radionuclide 14C dating method, and the variation of deposition rate in lakes is analyzed. The vertical distribution trend of metal elements was analyzed with age series, and the pollution degree of heavy metals in different historical stages was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. The spatial distribution of Cu,Cd,Mn,Zn,Fe,Pb concentration in the surface sediments of Hulun Lake was similar, and the heavy metal content in the tourist spots on the southwest coast and the north coast was obviously higher. The contents of heavy metals in the rivers entering the lake on the east shore of Hulun Lake are obviously low. Cd is in the condition of slight pollution to moderate pollution, Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Pb is clean to slight pollution, and the whole is a moderate pollution. 2. In this paper, the heavy metal deposition record of sediment 3063BP is established, which includes three stages: stage 3: 3063-1375 cal.a.BP,Zn,Pb,Cd EF fluctuates sharply but changes little, which is mainly affected by the global climate change at that time. Stage two: the change of 1258-274 cal.a.BP,EF value is small and the change trend is weak. In this stage, the human life begins to exist around Hulun Lake, but the influence is very small as a whole. Stage I: 259-51cal.a.BPNEF value decreases obviously in the fluctuation, the sedimentary record shows the influence of human activities. 3. Through the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Pb,Cd in surface sediments, the results show that the heavy metals in the surface layer can be divided into two categories, the first is Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn, the second is Fe and the other is Mn. It can be concluded that the heavy metals in the surface sediments of Hulun Lake are derived from the natural sources of sediment parent material and human activities which include atmospheric subsidence and surface runoff which lead to the increase of heavy metals content.
【學位授予單位】:內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:X524
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