發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-05 15:31

【摘要】：我國(guó)一次能源結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一,其中約75%左右來自于煤炭,2011年全國(guó)耗煤36.2億噸,其中燃燒一噸煤炭,氮氧化物大約會(huì)產(chǎn)生5 kg至30 kg。根據(jù)我國(guó)環(huán)保部門的測(cè)算,2010年全國(guó)的火力發(fā)電廠一年排出的總的氮氧化物量就有900多萬噸,占我國(guó)總氮氧化物排放量的三分之一左右,由此可見,火力發(fā)電廠排放的煙氣是環(huán)境污染的主要原因。我們賴以生存的環(huán)境不斷地變壞,嚴(yán)重影響到了正常生活,所以迫切地需要制定出控制火力發(fā)電廠煙氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相關(guān)制度,對(duì)火力發(fā)電廠鍋爐增加脫硝裝置顯得迫在眉睫。包頭第二熱電廠兩臺(tái)機(jī)組分別于2006年12月和2007年6月建成發(fā)電。當(dāng)時(shí)均未裝設(shè)脫硝裝置。煙煤為這兩臺(tái)鍋爐用煤種類。改造前,氮氧化物排放濃度非常大,小的時(shí)候在450 mg/Nm~3,大的時(shí)候能達(dá)到630 mg/Nm~3。為配合國(guó)家的減排目標(biāo),對(duì)環(huán)境治理做出貢獻(xiàn),我廠決定對(duì)#3爐裝設(shè)脫硝系統(tǒng),減少氮氧化物的排放濃度。改造前,鍋爐的平均氮氧化物排放濃度大概是500 mg/Nm~3,#3爐總的排出值大概為3000噸/年(機(jī)組年利用5500小時(shí))。裝設(shè)脫硝裝置后,100 mg/Nm~3的排出值為最高,減少了大概2500噸的氮氧化物排出,對(duì)提高包頭市的空氣質(zhì)量有很大的作用。還將大幅度減少電廠每年的NO_x排污費(fèi)。另外,氮氧化物對(duì)環(huán)境的污染不僅僅是會(huì)形成我們現(xiàn)在常見的霧霾天氣,還會(huì)對(duì)人的身體造成不可逆的影響,因?yàn)榈趸飼?huì)和空氣中的物質(zhì)結(jié)合產(chǎn)生有害物質(zhì)。所以,減少氮氧化物排放勢(shì)在必行。
[Abstract]:China's primary energy structure is relatively simple, about 75% of which comes from coal. In 2011, the country consumed 3.62 billion tons of coal, of which one ton of coal was burned and nitrogen oxides produced about 5 kg to 30 kg.. According to the calculation of environmental protection department in China, the total amount of nitrogen oxides discharged from thermal power plants in 2010 is more than 9 million tons, accounting for about 1/3 of the total amount of nitrogen oxides discharged in China. The emission of flue gas from thermal power plants is the main cause of environmental pollution. The environment on which we live is getting worse and worse, which seriously affects the normal life. Therefore, it is urgent to establish the relevant system to control the flue gas emission standard of the thermal power plant, and it is urgent to increase the denitrification device for the boiler in the thermal power plant. The two units of Baotou second Thermal Power Plant were built in December 2006 and June 2007 respectively. No denitrification device was installed at that time. Bituminous coal is the type of coal used in these two boilers. Before revamping, the concentration of NOx emission was very high, reaching 630 mg/Nm~3. at a low level of 450 mg/Nm~3,. In order to meet the national emission reduction target and contribute to environmental control, our plant decided to install denitrification system for # 3 furnace to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides. Before revamping, the average nitrogen oxide emission concentration of the boiler is about 3000 tons / year (5500 hours per year). After the installation of the denitrification unit, the emission value of 100 mg/Nm~3 is the highest, which reduces the nitrogen oxide emission of about 2500 tons, which plays a great role in improving the air quality of Baotou city. Will also greatly reduce the annual NO_x power plant sewage charges. In addition, the pollution of nitrogen oxides to the environment will not only form the current haze weather, but also have an irreversible effect on the human body, because nitrogen oxides can combine with substances in the air to produce harmful substances. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce NOx emissions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X773

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