【摘要】：為研究北京密云水庫及上游潮、白河大型底棲動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)時空格局特征,于2015年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、10月(秋季)下旬按季度在密云水庫及上游潮、白河采集樣品三次,并進行了大型底棲動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)分析和水質(zhì)生物評價。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.密云水庫大型底棲動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及水質(zhì)生物評價密云水庫8個采樣點共檢出大型底棲動物15種,隸屬2門2綱2科10屬,其中環(huán)節(jié)動物門顫蚓科4種,節(jié)肢動物門搖蚊科幼蟲11種,優(yōu)勢種為正顫蚓(Tubifex tubifex)和紅裸須搖蚊(Propsilocerus akamusi)。不同采樣點的種類數(shù)為2~11種,年均密度和年均生物量分別為1864±1996 ind./m2和3.10±2.85g/m2,顯示密云水庫為中營養(yǎng)型水庫。底棲動物年均密度白河庫區(qū)潮河庫區(qū)庫中區(qū),年均生物量白河庫區(qū)潮河庫區(qū)及庫中區(qū)。在庫西、白河電站等深水區(qū)顫蚓類密度和生物量所占比例一般較高,而在淺水區(qū)搖蚊幼蟲密度和生物量所占比例較高。底棲動物季節(jié)變化上,總密度表現(xiàn)為夏季春季秋季,總生物量表現(xiàn)為春季夏季≈秋季。水庫中顫蚓類的密度和生物量與水深、沉積物中總有機碳、總氮以及重金屬(Pb、Mn)含量呈顯著線性或冪函數(shù)正相關(guān),而與沉積物中總磷含量無顯著相關(guān)性;搖蚊幼蟲的密度和生物量與上述5個環(huán)境變量均無顯著相關(guān)性。底棲動物多樣性指數(shù)(H′、D、GBI和J)在淺水區(qū)高于深水區(qū)。Pielou均勻度指數(shù)和Wright指數(shù)評價密云水庫水質(zhì)為輕污染,與水化評價結(jié)果較符合,可作為水質(zhì)生物學(xué)評價的重要參考。2.密云水庫上游潮河、白河大型底棲動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及水質(zhì)生物評價潮河和白河小流域8個采樣點共采集到大型底棲動物56種,隸屬3門5綱。在潮河4個采樣點檢出大型底棲動物33種,年平均密度為358 ind./m2,年平均生物量為21.59 g/m2,密度和生物量空間分布整體表現(xiàn)為中間采樣點下游端采樣點上游端采樣點,密度季節(jié)變化表現(xiàn)為8月(553 ind./m2)4月(303ind./m2)10月(218 ind./m2),生物量季節(jié)變化表現(xiàn)為8月(31.29 g/m2)10月(21.56 g/m2)4月(11.92 g/m2)。在白河4個采樣點檢出大型底棲動物42種,年平均密度為269 ind./m2,年平均生物量為9.61 g/m2,密度和生物量空間分布明顯表現(xiàn)為上游端采樣點中間采樣點下游端采樣點,密度季節(jié)變化為8月(446 ind./m2)4月(228 ind./m2)10月(122 ind./m2),生物量季節(jié)變化表現(xiàn)為8月(17.34 g/m2)4月(5.51 g/m2)4月(4.97 g/m2)。潮河、白河兩條河流大型底棲動物皆以水生昆蟲為主,其中清潔水體指示種蜉蝣(Ephemera sp.)為廣布種,且為重要優(yōu)勢種。潮河與白河大型底棲動物Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)、Margalef種類豐度指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)3種生物多樣性指數(shù)年均值相近,以此綜合評價水質(zhì)得到的結(jié)果相同,均為輕-偏中污染(Ⅱ-Ⅲ)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the spatial and temporal patterns of macrobenthos community structure in Baihe River, Beijing Miyun Reservoir and its upstream tide were observed in April (spring), August (summer), October (autumn) in the last quarter of 2015. Three samples were collected from Baihe River and the community structure of macrobenthos and biological evaluation of water quality were carried out. The main results are as follows: 1. Community structure and water quality of macrobenthos in Miyun Reservoir 15 species of macrobenthos belonging to 2 phyla 2 classes 2 families and 10 genera were detected in 8 sampling sites of Miyun Reservoir. 11 species of Chironomidae larvae of Arthropoda phylum. The dominant species are (Tubifex tubifex) and (Propsilocerus akamusi). The average annual density and biomass were 1864 鹵1996 ind./m2 and 3.10 鹵2.85 g / m ~ 2, respectively, indicating that Miyun reservoir is a medium nutrition reservoir. The average annual density of benthos is Baihe reservoir Chaohe reservoir middle area annual biomass Baihe reservoir Chaohe reservoir area and middle reservoir area. In Cuoxi, the density and biomass of shivering worms in the deep water areas such as Baihe Hydropower Station are generally higher, while in shallow water areas, the density and biomass of Chironomus larva are higher. In the seasonal variation of benthos, the total density is summer, spring and autumn, and the total biomass is spring and summer 鈮，

本文編號：2309179