【摘要】：廢棄生物質(zhì)在廢水處理的開發(fā)應(yīng)用中有著環(huán)境、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的效益。本文選用核桃殼為原料,采用草酸銨活化改性-馬弗爐加熱炭化的方法法制備活性炭(CAC),產(chǎn)炭率為44.1%。用等電點、SEM、FT-IR、比表面積測定、表面官能團(tuán)測定等手段對CAC進(jìn)行表征,并用CAC吸附水中的4-氯苯酚(4-CP),2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)和亮綠(LG)。試驗條件下,吸附量達(dá)到:73.2、104、120 mg·g-1,實驗結(jié)果證明CAC對水中有機(jī)污染物有很好的吸附效果。靜態(tài)吸附實驗主要研究了吸附劑用量、pH值、鹽度、吸附時間、初始濃度和溫度等因素對CAC吸附性能的影響,動態(tài)吸附實驗主要研究了柱高、流速及吸附質(zhì)初始濃度對CAC吸附性能的影響。對吸附等溫線、動力學(xué)曲線及動態(tài)吸附穿透曲線進(jìn)行模型擬合分析,結(jié)果顯示如下:(1)CAC對4-CP吸附性能受pH影響較小。pH的增大不利于CAC吸附2,4-D與LG,均取最佳pH=2。鹽度的變化對CAC吸附4-CP和2,4-D影響均不大,鹽度的增大不利于CAC吸附LG。升溫有利于4-CP和2,4-D的吸附,不利于LG的吸附。(2)Temkin模型可用于描述CAC對4-CP和2,4-D的吸附等溫線,Koble-Corrigan模型可用于描述CAC對2,4-D和LG的吸附等溫線。Elovich方程可以用來描述CAC吸附4-CP的動力學(xué)曲線,準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)方程可用來描述CAC對2,4-D和LG的動力學(xué)曲線。推測吸附是非均勻表面的多分子層化學(xué)吸附過程。由熱力學(xué)參數(shù)以及活化能計算結(jié)果可以看出,CAC對4-CP和2,4-D的吸附過程均是自發(fā)、吸熱、熵增的過程,CAC對LG的吸附過程是自發(fā)、放熱、熵減的過程,物理和化學(xué)吸附在三個過程中均有體現(xiàn)。(3)動態(tài)吸附實驗表明,柱子越高、流速越慢、濃度越大越有利于吸附的進(jìn)行。Yan模型可以很好的預(yù)測CAC對4-CP、2,4-D和LG動態(tài)吸附穿透曲線。解吸再生研究發(fā)現(xiàn),乙醇溶液對CAC吸附4-CP和2,4-D都有具有很好的解吸再生效果。NaOH溶液對CAC吸附LG的解吸效果較好,HCl對CAC吸附LG的再生效果較好,吸附材料均可以重復(fù)利用。
[Abstract]:Waste biomass has environmental, social and economic benefits in the development and application of wastewater treatment. In this paper, activated carbon (CAC),) was prepared from walnut shell by ammonium oxalate-heating carbonization method, and the yield of activated carbon was 44.1%. CAC was characterized by isoelectric point, specific surface area of SEM,FT-IR, and surface functional group. 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2o 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CP) and bright green (LG). Were adsorbed by CAC. Under the experimental conditions, the adsorption capacity reached 73.2104120 mg g-1. The experimental results show that CAC has a good adsorption effect on organic pollutants in water. The static adsorption experiments mainly studied the effects of the amount of adsorbent, pH value, salinity, adsorption time, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption performance of CAC. The effects of flow rate and initial concentration of adsorbate on the adsorption performance of CAC. The model fitting analysis of adsorption isotherm, kinetic curve and dynamic adsorption penetration curve is carried out. The results show that: (1) the adsorption properties of CAC to 4-CP are less affected by pH. The increase of pH is not conducive to the adsorption of 24-D and LG, by CAC. Average optimal pH=2. The change of salinity had little effect on the adsorption of 4-CP and 2n4-D by CAC, but the increase of salinity was not conducive to the adsorption of LG. by CAC. (2) the Temkin model can be used to describe the adsorption isotherms of CAC for 4-CP and 2O4-D. The Koble-Corrigan model can be used to describe the adsorption isotherms of CAC for 2C4-D and LG. The Elovich equation can be used to describe the kinetic curves of CAC adsorption 4-CP, and the quasi-second-order kinetic equation can be used to describe the CAC kinetic curves of 24-D and LG. It is inferred that the adsorption process of multimolecular layer chemisorption on heterogeneous surface. From the thermodynamic parameters and the calculated results of activation energy, it can be seen that the adsorption process of 4-CP and 24-D by CAC is spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increasing, and the adsorption process of LG by CAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing. (3) dynamic adsorption experiments show that the higher the column is, the slower the flow rate is, and the higher the concentration is, the more favorable the adsorption is. Yan model can be used to predict the effect of CAC on 4-CP. (2) dynamic adsorption and penetration curves of 4-D and LG. The results of desorption and regeneration showed that ethanol solution had good desorption and regeneration effect on CAC adsorption of 4-CP and 2o 4-D, NaOH solution had better desorption effect on CAC adsorption of LG and HCl on CAC adsorption of LG. Adsorption materials can be reused.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;TQ424.1

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