發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-31 20:30

【摘要】：我國對(duì)城市生活垃圾的處理方式主要是簡易填埋,出于工程造價(jià)與技術(shù)難度等考慮,很多垃圾填埋場防滲墊層都是采用壓實(shí)天然黏土作為防滲材料,因此如何防止垃圾滲濾液擊穿黏土防滲層是垃圾填埋工程的關(guān)鍵所在。污染物遷移規(guī)律的研究是垃圾填埋場防滲設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn),對(duì)延長填埋場服役壽命,使環(huán)境免于破壞具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。本論文依托國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“飽和黏土大變形固結(jié)與污染物遷移多維耦合理論研究”,旨在研究飽和黏土大變形固結(jié)與污染物遷移耦合作用下污染物的運(yùn)移擴(kuò)散規(guī)律。首先基于相似定理,利用單因素分析、正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法與敏感性分析方法,配制了符合模型試驗(yàn)條件的模型土;此外,對(duì)模型試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了自主設(shè)計(jì),研究了土體在不同變形條件下非吸附性污染離子及吸附性污染離子的遷移規(guī)律;最后,基于COMSOL多場耦合數(shù)值軟件,針對(duì)模型試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,實(shí)現(xiàn)了模型試驗(yàn)與數(shù)值模擬兩者之間的相互驗(yàn)證。具體研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)以高嶺石黏土、砂土、凡士林和硅油為基本材料,以砂土比1:2,骨膠比6:1,硅凡比1:1的質(zhì)量比例關(guān)系成功配制出滿足模型試驗(yàn)要求的模型土。該模型土具備模型試驗(yàn)要求的物理參數(shù),同時(shí)也滿足水理特性要求;(2)通過自主設(shè)計(jì)的模型試驗(yàn),研究了土體變形條件對(duì)污染物遷移的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于非吸附性離子,土體固結(jié)變形(尤其是大變形)會(huì)對(duì)污染物遷移產(chǎn)生促進(jìn)作用,大變形下的垃圾填埋場防滲能力弱于基于剛性介質(zhì)與小變形假設(shè)的垃圾填埋場設(shè)計(jì);(3)吸附性污染離子遷移深度較無吸附性離子淺,且吸附性離子的遷移雖然也會(huì)受到土體大變形固結(jié)的影響而加速自身遷移速率,但是相對(duì)于無吸附性離子來說,受土體變形影響已相對(duì)減小;(4)以模型試驗(yàn)實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),擬合出衰減型污染物源濃度表達(dá)方程。這種污染源濃度處理方式更加貼近工程實(shí)際,所測出的污染物分布規(guī)律更加符合實(shí)際情況,在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)的模型試驗(yàn)更有研究價(jià)值;(5)以COMSOL Multiphysics軟件為平臺(tái),以模型試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),建立了黏土固結(jié)變形與污染物遷移耦合模型,并與模型試驗(yàn)所測得的污染物濃度分布等數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。雖然試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)存在一定差異,但是總體上對(duì)污染物遷移規(guī)律描述是相似的,基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了模型試驗(yàn)與數(shù)值模擬兩者之間的相互驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:The main treatment of municipal solid waste in our country is simple landfill. In view of engineering cost and technical difficulty, many landfill sites use compacted natural clay as impervious material. Therefore, how to prevent landfill leachate from breaking through clay impervious layer is the key of landfill engineering. The study of pollutant migration law is the key point of landfill seepage control design. It is of great significance to prolong the service life of landfill site and avoid environmental damage. The purpose of this paper is to study the transport and diffusion law of saturated clay under the coupling action of large deformation consolidation and pollutant migration with the aid of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Multi-dimensional Coupling Theory Research on large deformation consolidation and Pollutant Migration of saturated Clay". Firstly, based on the similarity theorem, the model soil is prepared by using single factor analysis, orthogonal design method and sensitivity analysis method. In addition, the model tests were designed independently, and the migration laws of non-adsorptive contaminated ions and adsorptive contaminated ions in different deformation conditions were studied. Finally, based on the COMSOL multi-field coupling numerical software, the numerical simulation of the model test is carried out, and the mutual verification between the model test and the numerical simulation is realized. The specific research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) with kaolinite clay, sand, vaseline and silicone oil as the basic materials, the ratio of sand to soil is 1: 2, and the ratio of bone to glue is 6: 1. The model soil which meets the requirements of model test has been successfully prepared according to the 1:1 mass ratio of silicon. The model soil has the physical parameters required by the model test and meets the requirements of the hydrological characteristics. (2) through the self-designed model test, the influence of the soil deformation conditions on the pollutant transport is studied. It has been found that, for non-adsorptive ions, consolidation deformation (especially large deformation) of soil can promote pollutant migration. The anti-seepage ability of landfill under large deformation is weaker than that of landfill design based on rigid medium and small deformation hypothesis. (3) the migration depth of adsorbed contaminated ions is lighter than that of non-adsorptive ions, and the migration of adsorptive ions will be accelerated by the large deformation and consolidation of soil, but compared with the non-adsorptive ions, The influence of soil deformation has been relatively reduced. (4) based on the measured data of model test, the expression equation of attenuated pollutant source concentration is fitted. The pollution source concentration treatment method is more close to the engineering practice, the measured pollutant distribution law is more in line with the actual situation, and the model test designed on this basis has more research value. (5) based on the COMSOL Multiphysics software and the model test, the coupling model of clay consolidation deformation and pollutant migration is established, and the data of pollutant concentration distribution measured by the model test are compared and analyzed. Although there are some differences between the experimental data and the numerical simulation data, the general description of the pollutant transport law is similar, which basically realizes the mutual verification between the model test and the numerical simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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