【摘要】：土壤淋洗是一種應(yīng)用較為廣泛的土壤重金屬污染修復(fù)技術(shù)。而工程實(shí)際表明長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)化學(xué)淋洗劑價(jià)格昂貴、淋洗廢液難以處理以及淋洗劑難以回收利用成為該技術(shù)突破的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。本文以重金屬污染土壤淋洗廢水為研究對(duì)象,研究了重金屬捕集劑破絡(luò)合+陶瓷平板膜分離的組合工藝,并初步驗(yàn)證了該工藝在目前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的人工及天然螯合劑類淋洗劑領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)可行性,并通過(guò)對(duì)組合工藝的處理效果的探索,總結(jié)出針對(duì)人工及天然螯合劑處理重金屬污染廢水的膜化學(xué)反應(yīng)器的設(shè)計(jì)方案。采用五類重金屬捕集劑固體DTCR、液體DTCR、固體TMT、液體TMT、重金屬捕捉劑HMC-M1對(duì)初始銅離子濃度為50mg/L和500mg/L的模擬淋洗廢水進(jìn)行處理后,發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于銅、鎘、鉛而言,重金屬捕集劑HMC-M1的捕集效率明顯優(yōu)于其他四類。此外,通過(guò)反應(yīng)后出水的提取方式對(duì)比,采用220nm的微濾陶瓷平板膜,在提取液的銅、鎘、鉛離子含量和模擬淋洗效率方面,都優(yōu)于普通的靜置沉淀取上清液的方式。通過(guò)對(duì)銅、鎘、鉛污染土壤淋洗廢水和復(fù)合污染土壤淋洗廢水進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于不同濃度的幾類廢水而言,p H、溫度、攪拌時(shí)間的影響不大,主要影響因素是捕集劑投加質(zhì)量與廢水中EDTA理論含量之比(M/E)、攪拌強(qiáng)度。對(duì)于模擬銅、鎘、鉛及其復(fù)合污染土壤淋洗廢水而言,最佳反應(yīng)條件是:不調(diào)節(jié)p H、常溫、投加比為1.4、攪拌強(qiáng)度為140r/min、攪拌時(shí)間為5min。在此條件下,無(wú)論廢水中銅、鎘、鉛的初始濃度是50mg/L、100mg/L、300mg/L、500mg/L,處理后廢水重金屬離子去除率都達(dá)到95%以上,且處理后廢水提取液的淋洗效率都達(dá)到對(duì)應(yīng)量EDTA的80%以上,即該方法回收了淋洗廢水中的EDTA。應(yīng)用到廣東省某臨西場(chǎng)地的實(shí)際工業(yè)廢水中發(fā)現(xiàn):最佳反應(yīng)條件是:不調(diào)節(jié)p H、溫度,投加比為1.4,攪拌強(qiáng)度為180r/min、攪拌時(shí)間為5min。同時(shí)工業(yè)廢水處理液的淋洗效率也達(dá)到對(duì)應(yīng)量EDTA的80%以上,這表明該工藝可以應(yīng)用到該場(chǎng)地的淋洗廢水中。由于淋洗廢水的EDTA原本與銅、鎘、鉛離子形成穩(wěn)定的可溶性絡(luò)合物,則其處理后的淋洗效率證明了HMC-M1在反應(yīng)過(guò)程中打破了原有的絡(luò)合平衡,并與銅、鎘、鉛離子形成新的難溶性絡(luò)合物,同時(shí)釋放出EDTA。本過(guò)程中主要有HMC-M1打破絡(luò)合平衡釋放EDTA和分離EDTA與M-(HMC-M1)兩個(gè)方面,這契合了膜化學(xué)反應(yīng)器反應(yīng)和分離的特點(diǎn)。針對(duì)該過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)一套膜化學(xué)反應(yīng)器很有必要。由于原位土壤淋洗技術(shù)的階段性、周期性。因而采用間歇式攪拌反應(yīng)器對(duì)該廢水進(jìn)行處理。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,該反應(yīng)器的反應(yīng)時(shí)間選用5min、沉淀時(shí)間選用30min、進(jìn)水時(shí)間控制為10min,進(jìn)水泵和加藥泵同時(shí)工作,進(jìn)水和加藥10min后,陶瓷膜抽吸泵開(kāi)始工作,20min后停止進(jìn)水,開(kāi)始膜的反沖洗以及排泥,膜清洗和排泥30min后,一個(gè)周期結(jié)束。此外,本系統(tǒng)采用兩個(gè)膜反應(yīng)器并聯(lián)的方式,保證土壤淋洗出水1h內(nèi),淋洗廢水一直可以得到處理。
[Abstract]:Soil leaching is a widely used remediation technique for heavy metal pollution. The engineering practice shows that for a long time, the high price of chemical eluent, the difficult treatment of leaching waste liquid and the difficulty of recovery and utilization of eluent have become the key and difficulty of this technology breakthrough. In this paper, the separation process of heavy metal trapping agent for the separation of complex ceramic plate membrane was studied with heavy metal contaminated soil leaching wastewater as the research object. The technical feasibility of this process in the field of artificial and natural chelating agents, which is the most widely used at present, has been preliminarily verified, and the treatment effect of the combined process has been explored. The design scheme of membrane chemical reactor for treatment of heavy metal polluted wastewater by artificial and natural chelating agents was summarized. Five kinds of heavy metal trapping agents solid DTCR, liquid DTCR, solid TMT, liquid TMT, heavy metal trapping agent HMC-M1 were used to treat simulated leaching wastewater with initial copper ion concentrations of 50mg/L and 500mg/L. The trapping efficiency of heavy metal trapping agent HMC-M1 is obviously better than that of other four kinds of trapping agents. In addition, through the comparison of the extraction methods of the effluent after the reaction, the content of copper, cadmium and lead ions in the extract solution and the simulated elution efficiency were superior to those of the ordinary static precipitation method in the extraction of supernatant by using the 220nm ceramic plate membrane. Through the experiments on leaching wastewater from copper, cadmium and lead contaminated soil and the leaching wastewater from compound polluted soil, it was found that, p H, temperature and stirring time had little effect on several kinds of wastewater with different concentrations. The main influencing factors are the ratio of mass of trapping agent to the theoretical content of EDTA in wastewater (M / E) and stirring intensity. For the simulated leaching wastewater of copper, cadmium, lead and its compound contaminated soil, the optimum reaction conditions are as follows: no regulation of pH, room temperature, adding ratio of 1.4, stirring intensity of 140 r / min, stirring time of 5 mins. Under these conditions, the initial concentration of copper, cadmium and lead in wastewater is 50 mg / L ~ (100) mg / L ~ (-1), and the removal rate of heavy metal ions is more than 95%, and the leaching efficiency of wastewater extract is above 80% of the corresponding amount of EDTA. That is to say, the EDTA. from leaching wastewater was recovered by this method. It was found that the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: no adjusting pH, temperature, adding ratio 1.4, stirring intensity 180 r / min, stirring time 5 min. At the same time, the leaching efficiency of the industrial wastewater treatment liquid is over 80% of the corresponding amount of EDTA, which indicates that the process can be applied to the leaching wastewater of the site. Because the EDTA of leaching wastewater formed a stable soluble complex with copper, cadmium and lead ions, the elution efficiency of HMC-M1 after treatment proved that HMC-M1 broke the original complexation equilibrium in the reaction process, and also with copper and cadmium. Lead ions form new insoluble complexes and release EDTA. In this process, HMC-M1 breaks the equilibrium of complex release EDTA and separates EDTA from M- (HMC-M1), which coincides with the characteristics of membrane reactor reaction and separation. It is necessary to design a membrane chemical reactor for this process. Because of the stage and periodicity of in situ soil leaching technology. Therefore, the wastewater was treated by batch stirred reactor. The experimental results show that the reaction time is 5 min, the precipitation time is 30 min, and the influent time is 10 min. The feed pump and the dosing pump work at the same time. After influent and dosing 10min, the ceramic membrane suction pump begins to work, and the 20min stops the influent. Start membrane backwashing and mud removal, membrane cleaning and mud removal 30min, one cycle ends. In addition, two membrane reactors were used in the system to ensure that the leaching wastewater could be treated all the time within 1 h.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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本文編號(hào)：2286026