南方紅壤區(qū)雨水花園設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化及應(yīng)用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-11 09:57
【摘要】：雨水花園是海綿城市中解決徑流帶來(lái)的面源污染及水文問(wèn)題的可靠設(shè)施,但引入我國(guó)的時(shí)間較短,因地制宜的設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用還未充分展開(kāi)。針對(duì)南方紅壤區(qū)降雨量多、土壤滲透性低的地域特點(diǎn),從填料配比、植物優(yōu)選及IWS(Internal Water Storage)設(shè)置方面對(duì)雨水花園進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化,并探討其水質(zhì)凈化效果。結(jié)合工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用案例,探討雨水花園的設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)行情況,并分析其水質(zhì)凈化及水文調(diào)控效果,為低影響開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)施的推廣及海綿城市的建設(shè)提供參考。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)沸石、煤渣、砂子、膨脹蛭石、陶粒和紅壤等雨水花園填料的NH_(3-)N和P等溫吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,紅壤的NH_(3-)N理論飽和吸附量?jī)H次于膨脹蛭石,為2500mg/kg,沸石的P理論飽和吸附量最高,為2272.73mg/kg,沸石適宜添加在紅壤中以提高其N/P吸附效果及滲透系數(shù)。綜合考量植物生長(zhǎng)、徑流滲透及堵塞問(wèn)題,宜在紅壤中摻入65%以上的砂子或55%以上的沸石,同時(shí)搭配10%的堆肥以配置雨水花園填料層。(2)柳葉馬鞭草、菖蒲、鳶尾和美人蕉的水質(zhì)凈化及生長(zhǎng)適宜性實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,有植物的裝置對(duì)NO_(3-)N和TN的去除率比無(wú)植物的裝置分別高2.20%~46.52%和0.77%~29.34%,各裝置的COD平均去除率為68.84%~77.28%,植物對(duì)TSS、NH_(3-)N和TP的去除影響不顯著,其平均去除率分別為97.59%、84.06%和93.36%。綜合植物的生理狀況及污染物去除效果,柳葉馬鞭草和美人蕉較適宜在南方紅壤區(qū)的雨水花園中種植。(3)IWS的設(shè)置使COD、NO_(3-)N和TN的去除率分別增加了6.64%、9.43%和7.68%,但對(duì)NH_(3-)N、TSS和TP的去除率影響較小,且植物與IWS對(duì)COD、NO_(3-)N和TN的去除有極顯著的交互作用,而對(duì)TSS、NH_(3-)N和TP去除的交互作用較小。(4)工程案例中,年徑流總量控制率為85%,設(shè)計(jì)降雨量為38.9mm時(shí),以30%砂、10%堆肥和60%紅壤配置填料層,面積為203m2的雨水花園可調(diào)控1533.24m2匯水區(qū)的徑流。監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果表明,雨水花園對(duì)TSS和NH_(3-)N的去除效果較好,平均EMC(Event Mean Concentration)去除率分別為71.89%和31.73%,因填料不含沸石等材料,且秋冬季節(jié)植物與微生物代謝緩慢,對(duì)其它污染物的去除效果較差,NO_(3-)N、COD、TN和TP的平均EMC去除率分別為-38.57%、-9.76%、11.85%和26.16%。SWMM模擬結(jié)果表明,雨水花園的水量調(diào)控效果與重現(xiàn)期成反比,當(dāng)重現(xiàn)期為0.5年~5年時(shí),匯水區(qū)徑流量可降低32.46%~60.81%,徑流峰值可降低51.41%~86.34%,洪峰來(lái)臨時(shí)刻可延遲3min~12min;雨水花園的水量調(diào)控效果與填料滲透系數(shù)成正比,重現(xiàn)期為1年時(shí),以純紅壤為填料,徑流量和徑流峰值將分別提高20.33%和31.99%,以35%紅壤、55%沸石和10%砂子為填料,徑流量和徑流峰值可分別降低30.90%和40.90%。
[Abstract]:Rain Water Garden is a reliable facility to solve the problem of non-point source pollution and hydrology brought by runoff in sponge city, but the time of introducing it into China is relatively short, and the design and application of measures to local conditions have not been fully carried out. In view of the regional characteristics of high rainfall and low soil permeability in the red soil region of southern China, Rain Water garden was designed and optimized from the aspects of filling ratio, plant selection and IWS (Internal Water Storage) setting, and the effect of water quality purification was discussed. In this paper, the design and operation of Rain Water Garden are discussed, and the effects of water quality purification and hydrological control are analyzed in order to provide a reference for the promotion of low-impact development facilities and the construction of sponge city. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the isothermal adsorption experiments of NH_ (3-) N and P of Rain Water garden fillers, such as zeolite, cinder, sand, expanded vermiculite, ceramsite and red soil, show that the theoretical saturated adsorption capacity of NH_ (3-) N in red soil is second only to that of expanded vermiculite. The saturation adsorption capacity of zeolites is 2272.73 mg / kg, which is 2500mg / kg. Zeolite is suitable to be added to red soil in order to improve the adsorption effect and permeability coefficient of N _ (-) P in red soil. Considering the problems of plant growth, runoff infiltration and clogging, it is advisable to mix more than 65% sand or 55% zeolite in red soil, and 10% compost to configure Rain Water garden packing. (2) Verbena willow, Acorus calamus, The experiment of water purification and growth suitability of Iris and Canna showed that the removal rate of NO_ (3-) N and TN by the plant was 2.200.52% and 0.777.34% higher than that of the plant without plant, respectively. The average COD removal rate of each plant was 68.84% 77.28, and the effect of plant on TSS,NH_ (3-) N and TP removal was not significant. The average removal rates were 97.59% and 93.36%, respectively. Comprehensive plant physiological status and pollutant removal effect, Verbena willow and Canna were suitable for planting in the garden of Rain Water in southern red soil region. (3) the removal rates of COD,NO_ (3-) N and TN increased by 6.64% and 7.68%, respectively, but the removal rates of NH_ (3-) N-TSS and TP were less affected. The removal of COD,NO_ (3-) N and TN by plant and IWS is very significant, but the interaction between TSS,NH_ (3-) N and TP removal is small. (4) in engineering cases, the total runoff control rate is 85%, and the design rainfall is 38.9mm. With 30% sand, 10% compost and 60% red soil, Rain Water Garden with 203m2 area can control the runoff of 1533.24m2 catchment area. The results showed that Rain Water garden had better removal efficiency of TSS and NH_ (3-) N, the average EMC (Event Mean Concentration) removal rates were 71.89% and 31.73%, respectively, because the fillers did not contain zeolites, and the metabolism of plants and microorganisms was slow in autumn and winter. The average EMC removal rates of NO_ _ (3-) N _ (CODN) TN and TP were -38.57% and 11.85%, respectively, and the results of 26.16%.SWMM simulation showed that the effect of water regulation in Rain Water Garden was inversely proportional to the recurrence period, and when the recurrence period was 0.5 years to 5 years, the average EMC removal efficiency was -38.57% and 11.85%, respectively, and the results of 26.16%.SWMM simulation showed that the effect of water control in Rain Water's garden was inversely proportional to the recurrence period. The runoff of catchment area can be reduced by 32.46 and 60.81, the peak runoff value can be reduced by 51.41 and 86.34.The coming time of Hong Feng can be delayed by 3 mins or 12 mins, and the effect of water regulation and regulation of Rain Water garden is in direct proportion to the permeation coefficient of fillers, and when the recurrence period is one year, the pure red soil is used as the filler. The runoff and runoff peak value will increase 20.33% and 31.99% respectively. With 35% red soil, 55% zeolite and 10% sand as fillers, the runoff and runoff peak can be reduced by 30.90% and 40.90% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52;TU986
本文編號(hào)：2263775
[Abstract]:Rain Water Garden is a reliable facility to solve the problem of non-point source pollution and hydrology brought by runoff in sponge city, but the time of introducing it into China is relatively short, and the design and application of measures to local conditions have not been fully carried out. In view of the regional characteristics of high rainfall and low soil permeability in the red soil region of southern China, Rain Water garden was designed and optimized from the aspects of filling ratio, plant selection and IWS (Internal Water Storage) setting, and the effect of water quality purification was discussed. In this paper, the design and operation of Rain Water Garden are discussed, and the effects of water quality purification and hydrological control are analyzed in order to provide a reference for the promotion of low-impact development facilities and the construction of sponge city. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the isothermal adsorption experiments of NH_ (3-) N and P of Rain Water garden fillers, such as zeolite, cinder, sand, expanded vermiculite, ceramsite and red soil, show that the theoretical saturated adsorption capacity of NH_ (3-) N in red soil is second only to that of expanded vermiculite. The saturation adsorption capacity of zeolites is 2272.73 mg / kg, which is 2500mg / kg. Zeolite is suitable to be added to red soil in order to improve the adsorption effect and permeability coefficient of N _ (-) P in red soil. Considering the problems of plant growth, runoff infiltration and clogging, it is advisable to mix more than 65% sand or 55% zeolite in red soil, and 10% compost to configure Rain Water garden packing. (2) Verbena willow, Acorus calamus, The experiment of water purification and growth suitability of Iris and Canna showed that the removal rate of NO_ (3-) N and TN by the plant was 2.200.52% and 0.777.34% higher than that of the plant without plant, respectively. The average COD removal rate of each plant was 68.84% 77.28, and the effect of plant on TSS,NH_ (3-) N and TP removal was not significant. The average removal rates were 97.59% and 93.36%, respectively. Comprehensive plant physiological status and pollutant removal effect, Verbena willow and Canna were suitable for planting in the garden of Rain Water in southern red soil region. (3) the removal rates of COD,NO_ (3-) N and TN increased by 6.64% and 7.68%, respectively, but the removal rates of NH_ (3-) N-TSS and TP were less affected. The removal of COD,NO_ (3-) N and TN by plant and IWS is very significant, but the interaction between TSS,NH_ (3-) N and TP removal is small. (4) in engineering cases, the total runoff control rate is 85%, and the design rainfall is 38.9mm. With 30% sand, 10% compost and 60% red soil, Rain Water Garden with 203m2 area can control the runoff of 1533.24m2 catchment area. The results showed that Rain Water garden had better removal efficiency of TSS and NH_ (3-) N, the average EMC (Event Mean Concentration) removal rates were 71.89% and 31.73%, respectively, because the fillers did not contain zeolites, and the metabolism of plants and microorganisms was slow in autumn and winter. The average EMC removal rates of NO_ _ (3-) N _ (CODN) TN and TP were -38.57% and 11.85%, respectively, and the results of 26.16%.SWMM simulation showed that the effect of water regulation in Rain Water Garden was inversely proportional to the recurrence period, and when the recurrence period was 0.5 years to 5 years, the average EMC removal efficiency was -38.57% and 11.85%, respectively, and the results of 26.16%.SWMM simulation showed that the effect of water control in Rain Water's garden was inversely proportional to the recurrence period. The runoff of catchment area can be reduced by 32.46 and 60.81, the peak runoff value can be reduced by 51.41 and 86.34.The coming time of Hong Feng can be delayed by 3 mins or 12 mins, and the effect of water regulation and regulation of Rain Water garden is in direct proportion to the permeation coefficient of fillers, and when the recurrence period is one year, the pure red soil is used as the filler. The runoff and runoff peak value will increase 20.33% and 31.99% respectively. With 35% red soil, 55% zeolite and 10% sand as fillers, the runoff and runoff peak can be reduced by 30.90% and 40.90% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52;TU986
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