【摘要】：頻繁的煤炭開(kāi)采活動(dòng)對(duì)開(kāi)采區(qū)域以及周邊的環(huán)境造成了破壞與污染,煤矸石堆疊成山、大小采煤沉陷區(qū)的出現(xiàn),以及煤炭和煤矸石中的化學(xué)物質(zhì),尤其是持久性有機(jī)污染物在環(huán)境介質(zhì)中殘留,對(duì)人類的健康造成巨大威脅。位于潘集的楊莊采煤沉陷區(qū)和位于謝橋的迪溝采煤沉陷區(qū)是淮南市開(kāi)采時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),沉陷時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的兩個(gè)具有代表性的沉陷區(qū),本論文通過(guò)采集兩個(gè)沉陷區(qū)的土壤樣品,帶到實(shí)驗(yàn)室運(yùn)用索氏提取的方法提取出樣品中的目標(biāo)物PAHs,再經(jīng)過(guò)自填式層析柱進(jìn)行目標(biāo)物的凈化,對(duì)目標(biāo)物的濃縮、提純后定容,用GC-MS儀器檢測(cè)樣品中PAHs的種類以及含量。最后通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的分析,再結(jié)合對(duì)采樣區(qū)域的實(shí)地考察、外環(huán)境特征等,對(duì)研究區(qū)域土壤中的PAHs空間分異性進(jìn)行探究,得到以下結(jié)論:1.兩個(gè)沉陷區(qū)的土壤樣品中都檢測(cè)到US EPA優(yōu)先控制的16種PAHs。楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤中的∑PAHs含量范圍是109.00 ng/g dw～6540.62 ng/g dw,迪溝沉陷區(qū)土壤中的∑PAHs含量范圍是26.55ng/gdw～1597.87ng/gdw�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤中的∑PAHs含量高于迪溝沉陷區(qū)。2.在16種被檢測(cè)的PAHs中,楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤中PAHs含量百分比最大的三類物質(zhì)分別是菲、熒蒽和芘。迪溝沉陷區(qū)土壤中PAHs含量百分比最大的三類物質(zhì)分別是菲、萘和熒蒽。3.研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的PAHs分為低環(huán)數(shù)PAHs和高環(huán)數(shù)PAHs進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤中除去采樣點(diǎn)YT12,其他樣點(diǎn)中的低環(huán)數(shù)PAHs和高環(huán)數(shù)PAHs含量基本持平,變化趨勢(shì)基本相同。迪溝沉陷區(qū)土壤樣品中的低環(huán)數(shù)∑PAHs含量都比該點(diǎn)的高環(huán)數(shù)∑PAHs含量高,或是持平。4.在研究區(qū)域中,五組同分異構(gòu)體在土壤樣品中的含量差距較大,尤其在不同沉陷區(qū)、相同沉陷區(qū)的不同采樣點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)較為明顯。5.研究區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)土地表面堆放的煤矸石堆中含有PAHs對(duì)研究介質(zhì)中的PAHs含量的影響巨大。沉陷區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)田作物以及非農(nóng)田植物的種類和數(shù)量直接對(duì)土壤中PAHs的含量造成影響。活性強(qiáng)、粘度大的土壤環(huán)境中的PAHs含量極少,基本不構(gòu)成PAHs污染。農(nóng)田中使用的有機(jī)化肥對(duì)土壤中PAHs的含量以及種類也具有影響。6.沉陷區(qū)交通要道上來(lái)往車輛排放的尾氣是沉陷區(qū)土壤中PAHs的主要來(lái)源。采礦作業(yè)產(chǎn)生的礦井廢水威脅土壤環(huán)境,使得土壤中PAHs含量增加。7.楊莊采煤沉陷區(qū)土壤低環(huán)數(shù)PAHs與土壤TOC的無(wú)相關(guān)性,高環(huán)數(shù)PAHs與土壤TOC在0.05水平上和0.1水平上都具有顯著相關(guān)性。楊莊采煤沉陷區(qū)土壤中16種PAHs之間的相關(guān)性比較弱。相對(duì)于楊莊沉陷區(qū),迪溝沉陷區(qū)土壤中的16種PAHs之間的相關(guān)性以及這16種PAHs與土壤中TOC的相關(guān)性在0.1水平上顯著相關(guān),相關(guān)性非常強(qiáng)。這與迪溝沉陷區(qū)具有較大的綠化面積有關(guān)系。8.迪溝沉陷區(qū)土壤PAHs的空間分異性總體要比楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤中PAHs的空間分異性強(qiáng)。兩個(gè)沉陷區(qū)土壤中PAHs含量與分布受外界環(huán)境的影響很大,且占據(jù)主要地位。
[Abstract]:Frequent coal mining activities have caused damage and pollution to the mining area and the surrounding environment, the stacking of coal gangue into mountains, the emergence of large and small coal mining subsidence areas, and the chemical substances in coal and coal gangue, In particular, persistent organic pollutants (pops) residues in environmental media pose a great threat to human health. The Yangzhuang coal mining subsidence area in Panji and the Digou coal mining subsidence area in Xieqiao are two representative subsidence areas in Huainan City, where the mining time is longer and the subsidence time is longer. In this paper, the soil samples of the two subsidence areas are collected. The sample was extracted by Soxhlet method and purified by self-filling chromatography column. The sample was condensed and purified. The type and content of PAHs in the sample were detected by GC-MS instrument. Finally, through the analysis of the data, combined with the field investigation of the sampling area and the characteristics of the external environment, the spatial heterogeneity of PAHs in the soil of the study area was studied, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1. 16 PAHs. with US EPA priority control were detected in soil samples from two subsidence areas. The 鈭，

本文編號(hào)：2256871