【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴在環(huán)境中分布廣泛且化合物種類較多,各個(gè)化合物之間的性質(zhì)差異較大,已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有40多種PAHs及其衍生物具有致癌作用。本研究系統(tǒng)分析了哈爾濱市某污水廠2009年至2016年進(jìn)水、出水、污泥以及大氣樣品中PAHs的年際變化。并于2015年冬季和2016年夏季采集全國各個(gè)省市和自治區(qū)共73個(gè)污泥樣品,用GC-MS對(duì)各個(gè)樣品EPA16種PAHs進(jìn)行了分析測(cè)定,系統(tǒng)的就我國污水廠PAHs的時(shí)空分布特征和殘留影響因素進(jìn)行了研究。我國哈爾濱市某污水廠進(jìn)水、出水和污泥中PAHs的濃度水平隨年份均呈現(xiàn)出先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),這與哈爾濱年鑒中原煤等能源的消耗呈現(xiàn)出相似的規(guī)律。進(jìn)出水以及污泥和大氣的季節(jié)變化均呈現(xiàn)出冬夏高于春秋的特點(diǎn)。夏季降雨以及冬季室內(nèi)灰塵是導(dǎo)致冬夏污水廠進(jìn)出水以及污泥中總PAHs的濃度明顯高于春秋的原因。每天有大約3 600-4 900 g的PAHs隨進(jìn)水進(jìn)入到污水處理廠,其中有300-1000 g的PAHs隨出水排入松花江,另外有140-1 200 g的PAHs通過沉降吸附到污泥中。本研究中哈爾濱某污水廠總PAHs的去除率約為85%,出水中4環(huán)的熒和芘去除率較低。我國污泥中PAHs冬夏對(duì)比可以發(fā)現(xiàn),哈爾濱、云南不論冬夏其污泥中PAHs的濃度均處于較高水平。廣東、福建、安徽南部以及河北南部PAHs含量都處于一個(gè)較低的水平。而長春、甘肅則冬夏差異較大。我國污泥的空間分布隨著經(jīng)度的升高而降低隨著緯度的升高而增大。冬季集中供暖大大增加了污泥中PAHs的濃度水平,除此之外,重工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)污泥中PAHs的濃度較高,但是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)的差異對(duì)不同環(huán)數(shù)PAHs占比的影響不是很大。毒性分布研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一般情況下當(dāng)其濃度水較高時(shí)其PAHs的TEQ水平較高。另外我國污泥中的PAHs均為超過中國污泥農(nóng)用限值。整體上中國的東北、華北、華東、西南以及西北五個(gè)行政區(qū)域的PAHs均主要來自于汽車尾氣的排放,其次為煤炭燃燒。而中南地區(qū)則以煤炭燃燒為主,其次為汽車尾氣的排放。模擬預(yù)測(cè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)我國大部分地區(qū)污水廠進(jìn)出水中PAHs的濃度處于一個(gè)較低的水平。污水廠外的影響因素主要影響進(jìn)入污水廠的PAHs的含量,如供暖、重工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)、汽車保有量大、以及人口密度大、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高的地區(qū)其污水廠中PAHs的濃度水平相對(duì)較高。而污水廠內(nèi)如進(jìn)水工業(yè)占比較高、處理水量大、服務(wù)人口多等其污水廠中PAHs的濃度水平較高。整體上,污水廠中PAHs的影響因素錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,其時(shí)空分布特征是各個(gè)影響因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed in the environment and have a large variety of compounds. More than 40 kinds of PAHs and their derivatives have been found to have carcinogenic effects. In this study, the interannual variation of PAHs in sewage treatment plant from 2009 to 2016 was systematically analyzed, including influent, effluent, sludge and atmospheric sample. In the winter of 2015 and summer of 2016, 73 samples of sludge were collected from provinces, cities and autonomous regions of China. The PAHs of EPA16 species of each sample was analyzed and determined by GC-MS. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and residual factors of PAHs in wastewater treatment plants in China were systematically studied. The concentration of PAHs in the effluent and sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in Harbin showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing with the year, which was similar to the consumption of raw coal and other energy in Harbin yearbook. The seasonal variation of water, sludge and atmosphere were higher in winter and summer than in spring and autumn. Rainfall in summer and indoor dust in winter were the reasons for the higher concentration of total PAHs in sewage treatment plant and sludge than in spring and autumn. About 3 600-4 900 g of PAHs enters the wastewater treatment plant with influent every day, 300-1 000 g of PAHs is discharged into Songhua River with effluent, and 140-1 200 g of PAHs is adsorbed into sludge by settling. In this study, the removal rate of total PAHs in a wastewater treatment plant in Harbin was about 85, and the removal rate of fluorescence and pyrene in the effluent was lower. It was found that the concentration of PAHs in sludge of Harbin and Yunnan was at a high level in winter and summer. PAHs content in Guangdong, Fujian, southern Anhui and southern Hebei is at a low level. Changchun and Gansu are quite different in winter and summer. The spatial distribution of sludge in China increases with the increase of longitude and decreases with the increase of latitude. The concentration of PAHs in sludge was greatly increased by central heating in winter. In addition, the concentration of PAHs in sludge was higher in the developed regions of heavy industry, but the difference of industrial production structure had little effect on the PAHs ratio of different rings. The toxicity distribution showed that the TEQ level of PAHs was higher when the concentration of water was higher. In addition, the PAHs of sludge in China exceeded the agricultural limit of Chinese sludge. Overall, the PAHs of five administrative regions in northeast, east, southwest and northwest of China are mainly from automobile exhaust emissions, followed by coal combustion. The central and southern region is mainly coal combustion, followed by automobile exhaust emissions. Simulation and prediction results show that the concentration of PAHs in wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China is at a low level. The influence factors outside the sewage treatment plant mainly affect the content of PAHs in the wastewater treatment plant, such as heating, heavy industry, large car ownership, large population density and high level of economic development. The concentration of PAHs in the sewage treatment plant is relatively high in the areas where there is a large population density and the level of economic development is relatively high. However, the concentration level of PAHs in wastewater treatment plants is higher than that in wastewater treatment plants, such as the high proportion of influent industry, the large amount of water treated and the large number of service population. As a whole, the influencing factors of PAHs in wastewater treatment plant are complicated, and its space-time distribution is the result of the comprehensive action of various factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫少靜;李博;李洪偉;齊虹;彭永臻;;污水處理廠污水和污泥中PAHs的殘留及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究進(jìn)展[J];中國環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè);2017年01期

2 周志剛;王yN;;污水分析法監(jiān)測(cè)毒品濫用信息的方法研究[J];云南警官學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2015年03期

3 Xiaowei Wang;Beidou Xi;Shouliang Huo;Wenjun Sun;Hongwei Pan;Jingtian Zhang;Yuqing Ren;Hongliang Liu;;Characterization, treatment and releases of PBDEs and PAHs in a typical municipal sewage treatment plant situated beside an urban river, East China[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2013年07期

4 ;Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the centralized wastewater treatment plant of a chemical industry zone:Removal,mass balance and source analysis[J];Science China(Chemistry);2012年03期

5 馬珞;劉俊建;王曉昌;郭靜歌;熊家晴;;污水處理廠各工藝階段多環(huán)芳烴變化規(guī)律研究[J];環(huán)境工程學(xué)報(bào);2010年09期

6 吳文婧;謝金開;徐福留;陶澍;;苯并(a)芘在四種食用淡水魚中的含量和分布[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2008年10期

7 ;Contamination of PAHs in Sludge Samples from the Yangtze River Delta Area[J];Pedosphere;2007年03期

8 于國光;王鐵冠;吳大鵬;;薪柴燃燒源和燃煤源中多環(huán)芳烴的成分譜研究[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境;2007年02期

9 樸哲華;金蓮順;趙坤;;污水處理廠“四泥”中幾種多環(huán)芳烴污染物的分析[J];化工科技;2006年05期

10 趙文昌;程金平;謝海;馬英歌;王文華;;環(huán)境中多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)的來源與監(jiān)測(cè)分析方法[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2006年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉俊建;典型持久性有機(jī)污染物在城市污水處理過程中的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2011年

2 馬萬里;我國土壤和大氣中多環(huán)芳烴分布特征和大尺度數(shù)值模擬[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 李博;污水處理廠中PACs的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律和歸趨模型研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

2 肖燕;南昌市空氣環(huán)境中多環(huán)芳烴（PAHs）的相分配研究[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

3 王秋菊;扎龍濕地多介質(zhì)環(huán)境中多環(huán)芳烴的殘留規(guī)律研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2012年

4 張鳳;我國室內(nèi)環(huán)境多環(huán)芳烴殘留特征源解析及人體暴露評(píng)估[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號(hào)：2252208