【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)污水二級(jí)處理出水由于TN達(dá)不到一級(jí)A標(biāo)準(zhǔn),常常需要進(jìn)行深度處理,但水中的碳源不足,難以進(jìn)行反硝化作用,因此需要外加碳源。固體碳源在充當(dāng)碳源的同時(shí)還可以作為生物載體,因此常被用作外加碳源。在眾多的固體緩釋碳源中,從反硝化效果和成本方面看,玉米芯更適合作為緩釋碳源。而且在我國(guó)玉米芯的處理方式大多是焚燒,玉米芯作為碳源可以使其得到資源化。但是由于玉米芯的成分中含有不容易被利用的成分,因此需要對(duì)玉米芯進(jìn)行處理。本文以反硝化濾池為主體反應(yīng)器,分別考察以玉米芯和堿處理玉米芯為緩釋碳源并外加白腐菌時(shí)的脫氮效能情況。本文設(shè)置了堿處理玉米芯為碳源的反硝化濾池(堿反應(yīng)器)、玉米芯為碳源并外加白腐菌的反硝化濾池(玉+菌反應(yīng)器)和堿處理玉米芯作為碳源并外加白腐菌的反硝化濾池(堿+菌反應(yīng)器),分析了其最佳HRT、運(yùn)行效能和有效運(yùn)行周期。通過(guò)比較認(rèn)為玉+菌反應(yīng)器的效果最好。以TN是否達(dá)標(biāo)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),玉+菌反應(yīng)器在HRT=70 min的條件下,能有效運(yùn)行111 d,TN和NO_3~--N的去除率最高可分別達(dá)到92%和98%。為了驗(yàn)證結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,應(yīng)用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)分析三組反硝化濾池內(nèi)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)。從真菌層面分析,堿反應(yīng)器的微生物多樣性最大;從細(xì)菌層面分析,堿+菌反應(yīng)器的微生物多樣性最大。在玉+菌反應(yīng)器和堿+菌反應(yīng)器中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了白腐菌,并且堿+菌反應(yīng)器中白腐菌含量較高達(dá)到了18.30%;在三個(gè)反硝化濾池中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了常見(jiàn)的具有反硝化功能的菌屬,并且在玉+菌反硝化濾池中的反硝化菌群豐度最高為13.32%,這也與其反硝化效果最好相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此采用玉米芯為碳源并外加白腐菌反應(yīng)器進(jìn)行后續(xù)的玉米芯更換實(shí)驗(yàn)。對(duì)已經(jīng)失效的玉米芯進(jìn)行更換,更換比例分別為1/2、1/3、1/4和1/5。以TN是否達(dá)標(biāo)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),發(fā)現(xiàn)更換1/4的玉米芯可以運(yùn)行31 d,NO_3~--N去除率可以達(dá)到70%以上;應(yīng)用環(huán)境掃描電鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)更換1/4的玉米芯表面的生物膜最厚。綜合出水COD、TN去除率和NO_3~--N去除率的情況,認(rèn)為HRT=70 min時(shí)玉米芯為碳源并外加白腐菌反硝化濾池更換1/4玉米芯為最佳填料更換比。
[Abstract]:Due to the fact that the secondary effluent of municipal sewage can not reach the first A standard, advanced treatment is often needed, but the carbon source in the water is insufficient and it is difficult to carry out denitrification, so it is necessary to add carbon source. Solid carbon sources are often used as external carbon sources because they can act as biological carriers as well as carbon sources. Corn cob is more suitable as a slow release carbon source in terms of denitrification effect and cost among many solid sustained-release carbon sources. The corncob is mostly incinerated in China, and the corncob can be used as carbon source. However, corncobs need to be treated because they contain ingredients that are not easy to use. The denitrification efficiency of corncob and alkali-treated corncob was studied by using denitrification filter as the main reactor. In this paper, a denitrifying filter (alkali reactor) with alkali treated corncob as carbon source, corncob as carbon source and white rot fungus applied in denitrification filter (Jade fungus reactor) and alkali-treated corncob as carbon source and added white rot fungus were set up. Denitrification filter (alkali-bacteria reactor) was used to analyze the optimal HRT, operation efficiency and effective operation period. By comparison, it is considered that the effect of Jade bacteria reactor is the best. Under the condition of HRT=70 min, the removal rate of TN and NO_3~--N can reach 92% and 98%, respectively, when the TN is up to standard or not, and the removal rate of TN and NO_3~--N can be up to 92% and 98% respectively under the condition of HRT=70 min. In order to verify the accuracy of the results, the microbial community structure in three groups of denitrification filters was analyzed by high throughput sequencing technique. The microbial diversity of alkali-reactor was the largest in terms of fungi level, and that of alkali-bacteria reactor was the largest in bacteriological level. White rot fungi were found in both jade and alkali bioreactor, and the content of white rot fungi reached 18.30 in alkali bacteria reactor, and common bacteria with denitrification function were found in three denitrification filters. The highest abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the denitrification filter was 13.3232, which was the best corresponding to the denitrification effect. Therefore, corncob was used as carbon source and white rot fungus reactor was used to carry out the subsequent corncob replacement experiment. The corncob was replaced by 1 / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 4 and 1 / 5 / 5 of the corncob. According to the standard of TN, it is found that the removal rate of N can reach more than 70% by replacing 1 / 4 corncob for 31 days, and the biofilm on the surface of 1 / 4 corncob is the thickest by using environmental scanning electron microscope. Considering the COD,TN removal rate and NO_3~--N removal rate of the effluent, it is considered that the best packing replacement ratio is that the corncob is a carbon source and the white rot fungus denitrification filter is used to replace 1 / 4 corncob at HRT=70 min.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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