發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 07:15

【摘要】：生態(tài)服務(wù)功能的價值,可作為反映地區(qū)環(huán)境變化的一項參考。將生態(tài)服務(wù)的效用進行價值量化成貨幣單位,可以更直觀的與從自然中獲取的直接經(jīng)濟價值進行對比,也有助于人對生態(tài)服務(wù)功能重要性的認知衡量。對于國家和社會方面,量化后的生態(tài)服務(wù),有助于修正完善生態(tài)補償?shù)南嚓P(guān)法規(guī),協(xié)助可持續(xù)發(fā)展政策的制定。伊犁河流域是西部干旱區(qū)中一塊繁茂的河谷綠洲。隨著近些年經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,人們攫取能源與改造自然的速度逐步提升,伊犁河谷的農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)也在飛速增長,對于自然生態(tài)勢必構(gòu)成一定壓力。為伊犁河谷長久良性的發(fā)展,需要持續(xù)關(guān)注本區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境的動態(tài)變化。本文通過“分項指標構(gòu)建法”和“當量因子法”兩種測評方式,對伊犁河谷在2001—2013年的生態(tài)服務(wù)功能效用,進行了價值量化估算,并對得到的兩組結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)進行對比。寄望于獲取更準確的價值結(jié)果,并對生態(tài)服務(wù)評估的方法嘗試比較和探討。希望在給予伊犁河谷環(huán)境監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)支持的同時,為本學科研究方法的改進提供經(jīng)驗依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論包括:(1)伊犁河流域在2001—2013年間年均水土保持量為2.639×10~8 t,2007年最高達到3.953×10~8 t,2011年最低為1.985×10~8 t。保持量最多的地區(qū)是昭蘇縣年均0.7×10~8 t,伊寧縣和伊寧市最低,年均僅為0.11×10~8 t和0.004×10~8 t。保持效率特克斯縣最高,年均73.7 t/hm~2;霍城縣和伊寧縣最低,分別為年均28.6 t/hm~2和24.7 t/hm~2。(2)分項指標構(gòu)建法評估的結(jié)果為:2001—2013年間年均生態(tài)服務(wù)價值為285.42×10~8元,2008年最低為227.7×10~8元,2010年最高為315.57×10~8元。生態(tài)服務(wù)效率最高為察布查爾錫伯自治縣,年均5992元/hm~2,新源縣和伊寧市最低,分別為年均4779元/hm~2和4241元/hm~2。(3)當量因子法測算的結(jié)果為:2001—2013年間年均生態(tài)服務(wù)價值為888.74×10~8元,2005年最低點為825.4×10~8元,2010年高點為943×10~8元。地區(qū)最高為昭蘇縣,年均170.67×10~8元;最低為伊寧縣和伊寧市,年均為64.12×10~8元和1.62×10~8元。生態(tài)服務(wù)的效率鞏留縣最高年均21513元/hm~2�；舫强h和伊寧市最低,分別為年均13621元/hm~2和1210~8元/hm~2。(4)伊犁河谷生態(tài)服務(wù)價值總量級別在確定在百億元,具體數(shù)值依評估方法的差異和涵蓋的服務(wù)功能不同,約在300×10~8—900×10~8元之間。兩種方法均測定2010年生態(tài)服務(wù)的價值總量最高。各地區(qū)的年度變化趨勢對比中,以霍城縣的測算結(jié)果可信度最高,對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成越簡單的地區(qū),以不同指標測算的年變化趨勢越相近。生態(tài)服務(wù)功能較優(yōu)的縣為特克斯,較差的為霍城縣。以多項式擬合兩種方法的結(jié)果進行預(yù)測,選取二者共同趨勢可得伊犁河谷的生態(tài)服務(wù)價值在2025年前后達到750×10~8元。(5)對于氣體、水源、土壤和養(yǎng)分幾方面的服務(wù)功能價值,以兩種方法測評的結(jié)果比例相近。兩種方法得到價值結(jié)果,當量因子法所涵蓋的生態(tài)服務(wù)種類較多,且測算步驟較簡便。服務(wù)功能的權(quán)重以氣體和水文調(diào)節(jié)比重較大。(6)“分項指標構(gòu)建法”結(jié)果與降水量變化的正相關(guān)性較高,除霍城縣外“當量因子法”結(jié)果與降水并無明顯相關(guān)。降水會整體提升本區(qū)的生態(tài)服務(wù)功能,且降水變化主導(dǎo)生態(tài)較差地區(qū)的服務(wù)價值變化。生態(tài)較優(yōu)地區(qū)在降水少的年份,展現(xiàn)出了水源涵養(yǎng)的跨時空補償效用。
[Abstract]:The value of ecological service function can be used as a reference to reflect the changes of regional environment. Quantifying the value of ecological service into monetary units can be more intuitive compared with the direct economic value obtained from nature. It also helps people to measure the importance of ecological service function. Quantified ecological services will help amend and improve relevant laws and regulations on ecological compensation and help formulate sustainable development policies. The Yili River Basin is a flourishing oasis in the arid region of Western China. Rapid growth is bound to exert a certain pressure on the natural ecology. For the long-term and benign development of the Yili Valley, it is necessary to pay close attention to the dynamic changes of the ecological environment in the region. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Yili River Valley environmental monitoring data is supported by the method. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Yili River Valley environmental monitoring data is supported by the method. The average annual soil and water conservation amount of the river basin was 2.639 x 10~8 t in 2001-2013, the highest was 3.953 x 10~8 t in 2007, and the lowest was 1.985 x 10~8 t in 2011. The areas with the highest annual soil and water conservation amount were Zhaosu County 0.7 x 10~8 t, Yining County and Yining City 0.11 x 10~8 T and 0.004 x 10~8 t respectively. The annual conservation efficiency of Tex County was the highest, with an average of 73.7 t/hm. 2. Huocheng County and Yining County were the lowest, with an average annual value of 28.6 t/hm~2 and 24.7 t/hm~2. (2) The results of the sub-index construction method were as follows: the annual average value of ecological services was 285.42 10~8 yuan in 2001-2013, the lowest in 2008 was 227.7 10~8 yuan, and the highest in 2010 was 315.57 10~8 yuan. 5992 yuan / hm ~ 2, Xinyuan County and Yining City were the lowest, with an average annual value of 4779 yuan / hm ~ 2 and 4241 yuan / hm ~ 2. (3) The results of the equivalent factor method were as follows: the average annual value of ecological services between 2001 and 2013 was 888.74 10 ~ 8 yuan, the lowest in 2005 was 825.4 10 ~ 8 yuan, and the highest in 2010 was 943 10 ~ 8 yuan. The average annual efficiency of ecological services in Gongliu County is 21 513 yuan / hm ~ 2. Huocheng County and Yining City are the lowest, with an average annual value of 13621 yuan / hm ~ 2 and 1210 ~ 8 yuan / hm ~ 2, respectively. (4) The total value of ecological services in Yili Valley is determined at 10 billion yuan, and the specific value is different according to the evaluation method. The total value of ecological services in 2010 was the highest by both methods. Compared with other regions, Huocheng County had the highest reliability in the annual change trend, and the simpler the ecosystem was, the more the annual change trend was measured by different indicators. The results of polynomial fitting were used to predict the common trend of the two methods. The value of ecological services in the Yili River Valley reached 750 10~8 yuan around 2025. (5) For gas, water, soil and nutrients, the value of ecological services in the two areas was two. The results of the two methods are similar in proportion to each other. The results of the two methods show that there are many kinds of ecological services covered by the Equivalent Factor Method, and the calculating steps are simple. The weights of the service functions are larger in terms of gas and hydrological regulation. (6) The results of the "sub-index construction method" have a higher positive correlation with the precipitation changes, except Huocheng County. The results of "Equivalent Factor Method" were not significantly correlated with precipitation. Precipitation would enhance the ecological service function of the region as a whole, and precipitation change dominated the change of service value in ecologically poor areas.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱成剛;李衛(wèi)紅;李大龍;劉志明;富磊;;伊犁河谷土壤理化性質(zhì)及可蝕性特征分析[J];資源科學;2016年07期

2 郝麗娜;吳海華;劉廷;曾洪壽;;2008年以來伊犁河谷土壤養(yǎng)分含量變化動態(tài)——以鞏留縣為例[J];基層農(nóng)技推廣;2016年06期

3 崔東;鄧霞;閆俊杰;孟祥霞;羅青青;肖治國;;伊犁河谷不同土地利用方式對土壤養(yǎng)分與酶活性的影響[J];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學;2016年02期

4 陳召亞;李超;何玲;王樹濤;許v，

本文編號：2249415