【摘要】：我國局部地區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染較為嚴(yán)重,影響農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全,并通過食物鏈危害人類健康。本文系統(tǒng)調(diào)查了長三角農(nóng)田土壤重金屬的污染現(xiàn)狀,應(yīng)用薈萃分析(Meta-analysis)方法闡明了過去15年農(nóng)田土壤重金屬的時(shí)空變化趨勢;通過室內(nèi)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場農(nóng)田試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合,研究了膨潤土-生物炭對土壤重金屬生物有效性的調(diào)控作用,試圖發(fā)展基于生物有效性調(diào)控的土壤重金屬污染緩解阻控技術(shù)。論文取得了以下主要結(jié)果:(1)發(fā)現(xiàn)長三角地區(qū)15%的點(diǎn)位重金屬含量超過我國農(nóng)田土壤二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中Cd超標(biāo)最為嚴(yán)重。浙江、上海和江蘇交界處金屬含量均呈現(xiàn)較高濃度,富陽市、臨安和省界處(嘉善市、寶山區(qū)、太倉市)表層土壤中Cd含量較高;嘉善市Cu含量較高。過去15年間表層土壤中Cd含量呈逐年上升趨勢(p0.05;0.0081mg kg~(-1) yr~(-1)1),Cu則呈逐年下降趨勢(p0.05;-0.80mg kg~(-1) yr~(-1))。(2)膨潤土-生物炭復(fù)合材料能降低農(nóng)田土壤重金屬生物有效態(tài)含量,阻控重金屬在土壤水稻間的遷移。盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,膨潤土-生物炭(4:1)復(fù)合材料阻控土壤中重金屬遷移積累的效果最顯著。2%投加量下,水稻地上部分Cd、Pb和Cr含量分別下降41.64%、42.02%和35.61%。農(nóng)田試驗(yàn)表明,2%膨潤土投加下,稻米中Cd與Cr的含量分別下降17.29%和27.39%,而膨潤土-生物炭(4:1)復(fù)合材料使稻米Pb含量下降84.53%。
[Abstract]:The heavy metal pollution of farmland soil in some areas of China is more serious, which affects the safety of agricultural products and endangers human health through the food chain. In this paper, the present situation of heavy metals pollution in farmland in Yangtze River Delta is systematically investigated, and the temporal and spatial trends of heavy metals in farmland over the past 15 years are illustrated by meta-analysis (Meta-analysis). The effects of bentonite-biochar on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil were studied in this paper. The main results are as follows: (1) it was found that 15% of the heavy metals in the Yangtze River Delta area exceeded the second grade standard of farmland soil in China, and the Cd exceeded the standard most seriously. The metal content in the surface soil of Fuyang City, Lin'an and provincial boundaries (Jiashan City, Baoshan District, Taicang City) was higher than that in Jiashan City, and the content of Cu in Jiashan City was higher than that in Jiashan City. In the past 15 years, the content of Cd in surface soil increased year by year (p0.05 + 0.0081mg kg~ (-1) yr~ (-1) 1) and Cu decreased year by year (p0.05- 0.80mg kg~ (-1) yr~ (-1). (2) bentonite-biochar composite) could reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in farmland soil. The migration of heavy metals between soil and rice. Pot experiment showed that the effects of bentonite-biochar (4:1) composite materials on controlling the accumulation of heavy metals in soil were the most significant, and the contents of Cd,Pb and Cr in the aboveground part of rice decreased 42.02% and 35.61% respectively. The results showed that the content of Cd and Cr in rice decreased by 17.29% and 27.39%, respectively, and the content of Pb in rice decreased 84.53% by bentonite-biochar (4:1) composite material under the addition of 2% bentonite.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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