【摘要】：沼澤濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是最主要的濕地類型,也是全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中不可或缺的一部分。沼澤濕地在全球的自然碳循環(huán)中扮演了重要的角色,對全球氣候變化起到了巨大的作用。有關研究顯示,土壤碳庫中千分之一的變化將導致大氣圈CO2的含量發(fā)生百萬份之一的變化,因此,土壤有機碳的準確估算將對全球氣候變化的預測和溫室效應的預測起到巨大的作用。近年來,國內外對陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有機碳儲量的研究逐漸增加,但大多數(shù)集中在大尺度研究區(qū)域的有機碳儲量估算,而在小尺度針對單一土地覆蓋類型的碳儲量研究并不多見,因此開展小尺度,特定土地覆蓋類型的碳儲量研究具有重要的意義。本文以松嫩平原西部的沼澤濕地為研究區(qū)域,運用遙感和GIS技術,結合地面氣象資料和NPP數(shù)據(jù),采用野外實地調查和實驗室測定的方法,分析了沼澤濕地碳儲量在不同深度的分布特征;基于Landsat/OLI影像,利用面向對象的分類方法,提取松嫩平原年西部沼澤濕地的空間分布;利用Kriging差值法對研究區(qū)土壤有機碳含量和氣象資料進行差值分析,進而得到土壤有機碳的空間分布特征和相關影響因素,并計算松嫩平原西部不同深度土壤有機碳儲量。研究得到以下結論:(1)松嫩平原西部沼澤濕地土壤有機碳儲量垂直分布分析。通過對研究區(qū)土壤有機碳儲量的垂直分布研究發(fā)現(xiàn),松嫩平原西部沼澤濕度土壤具有比較豐富的碳儲量,雖然有機碳含量高且分布深,但有機碳含量分布的差異較大,且地域性較強。土壤有機碳主要集中在表層(0—30cm)土壤中,其碳儲量占全部碳儲量的一半左右,而中層(30—60Cm)土壤和底層(60—100cm)土壤有機碳儲量相差不大,不同層土壤碳密度由高到低依次為表層(0—30cm)中層(30—60cm)底層(60—100cmm)。土壤有機碳密度最大值出現(xiàn)在底層土壤,但平均土壤有機碳密度依然是表層土壤。平均土壤容重由表層至底層逐漸增大,最高值出現(xiàn)在底層,與土壤有機碳含量呈負相關。(2)松嫩平原年西部沼澤濕地土壤有機碳儲量空間分布分析。松嫩平原西部沼澤濕地有機碳的水平分布總體上呈現(xiàn)北高南低,東高西低的分布趨勢。沼澤濕地土壤有機碳高密度區(qū)集中分布在靠研究區(qū)北側臨近大興安嶺地區(qū)的扎龍保護區(qū)一帶,而沼澤濕地土壤有機碳低密度區(qū)分布較為分散,分布在研究區(qū)西南側靠近內蒙古區(qū)域的一側的向海保護區(qū)一帶,不同土層的土壤有機碳密度水平分布總體趨勢相近,但表層(0—30cm)土壤有機碳密度差異性較大,底層(60—100cm)土壤有機碳密度更加穩(wěn)定,差異不大。表層(0—30cm)土壤容重水平分布總體呈現(xiàn)由中心向四周逐漸降低的趨勢中層(30—60cm)和底層(60—100cm)土壤容重與土壤有機碳含量趨勢相似。(3)松嫩平原西部沼澤濕地土壤有機碳含量與氣侯要素相關性分析。研究區(qū)沼澤濕地土壤有機碳含量與溫度相關性較大,尤其表現(xiàn)在表層(0—30cm)土壤,沼澤土壤高有機碳含量多集中在低溫地區(qū),而高溫地區(qū)沼澤土壤有機碳含量較低;沼澤濕地土壤有機碳含量與濕度和降水都呈現(xiàn)正相關,且相關性較為相似。
[Abstract]:Marsh wetland ecosystem is the most important type of wetland and an indispensable part of the global ecosystem. Marsh wetland plays an important role in the global natural carbon cycle and plays an important role in global climate change. The accurate estimation of soil organic carbon will play an important role in predicting global climate change and greenhouse effect. In recent years, the study of terrestrial ecosystem organic carbon reserves has been increasing, but most of them are concentrated in large-scale study area. In this paper, the swamp wetland in the west of Songnen Plain is studied by remote sensing and GIS technology, combined with surface meteorological data and NPP data, and the field application is carried out. Based on Landsat/OLI images, the spatial distribution of marsh wetlands in the western Songnen Plain was extracted by object-oriented classification method, and the difference of soil organic carbon content and meteorological data was analyzed by Kriging difference method. Then the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and related influencing factors were obtained, and the soil organic carbon reserves at different depths in the western Songnen Plain were calculated. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is mainly concentrated in the surface (0-30cm) soils, accounting for about half of the total carbon reserves, while the middle (30-60Cm) soils and the bottom (6-6cm) soils. Soil organic carbon storage varied little from 0 cm to 100 cm. The soil carbon density in different layers was in the order of surface (0-30 cm) middle (30-60 cm) bottom (60-100 cm). The maximum density of soil organic carbon appeared in the bottom soil, but the average density of soil organic carbon was still in the top soil. (2) Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon reserves in the swampy wetlands in the western Songnen Plain. The horizontal distribution of soil organic carbon in the swampy wetlands in the western Songnen Plain was generally high in the north and low in the south, high in the East and low in the west. The low density area of soil organic carbon in swampy wetland is dispersed in Zhalong Nature Reserve near Daxing'an Mountains to the north of the study area, and it is distributed in the coastal Nature Reserve near Inner Mongolia to the southwest of the study area. The overall distribution trend of soil organic carbon density in different soil layers is similar, but the surface layer (0-30cm) soil is the same. Soil organic carbon density varies greatly, and the soil organic carbon density in the bottom layer (60-100cm) is more stable than that in the bottom layer (60-100cm). The soil bulk density in the surface layer (0-30cm) decreases gradually from the center to the surrounding area. The soil bulk density in the middle layer (30-60cm) and the bottom layer (60-100cm) is similar to that in the western Songnen Plain. Correlation analysis of soil organic carbon content and climatic factors in swamp wetlands. The correlation between soil organic carbon content and temperature in swamp wetlands was significant, especially in surface soil (0-30cm). The content of high organic carbon in swamp soil was mainly concentrated in low temperature area, while the content of soil organic carbon in high temperature area was relatively low. Carbon content is positively correlated with humidity and precipitation, and the correlation is similar.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171

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